Lord Buddha

Buddhism can help you gain more peace in your life

2010-07-27T16:44:00.000-07:00

How buddhism can help you gain more peace in your life by Michael Miller
in Spirituality (submitted 2010-07-25)

More and more these days it seems that some of humanity's sharpest and brightest ideas are actually ancient ones. Among the insights that Buddha received during his enlightenment more than 2,600 years ago under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India, is the most fundamental teaching of the Buddhist tradition, that of the "Four Noble Truths." In broad terms, these truths relate to the existential human condition of suffering-its nature, its origin, and its end. The Four Noble Truths appear again and again throughout the Pali Canon, a collection of the most ancient and sacred Buddhist texts, thought to be the direct teachings of Buddha himself. However, the Four Noble Truths do not just pertain to adherents of Buddhism; Buddhists conceive the Four Noble Truths as pertaining ubiquitously to all of humanity. What is more, the Four Noble Truths do not interfere in the slightest bit with traditional Western religious orthodoxies and can be assimilated by non-Buddhists as supplemental rather than substitutive dogma, though they are antithetical to our now failing, out of control American consumerism.

The Four Noble Truths are:

1. There is suffering in the world; everything and everybody endures it, 2. There is a cause for suffering; the cause of suffering is desire, 3. There is an end to suffering; it is possible to end suffering by ending desire, 4. There is the Eightfold Path; the Eightfold Path will help you end your desire and will lead to the end of suffering

What is the Eightfold Path? The Eightfold Path is another principal teaching of the Buddha, who described it as the path that leads to the end of suffering and the achievement of self-realization.

The elements of the Eightfold Path are:

1. Right view; there is suffering in the world and the end of suffering is the end of desire (the Four Noble Truths), 2. Right intention; in your life aim to decrease suffering and desire, 3. Right speech; choose your words thoughtfully, use them to comfort others, 4. Right action; do not add to desire or suffering in the world, 5. Right livelihood; whatever you do for a living, do it to decrease suffering and desire of yourself and for others, 6. Right effort; do not worry about the outcome, always try to comfort those who suffer and abate desire, 7. Right mindfulness; keep your mind free of desire, greed, and prejudice, 8. Right concentration; think about suffering in the world, think about what is at its root

Buddha understood that you have to be willing to let go to truly possess; you have to let go of your dreams in order to achieve them. In hard times such as our own, when everything is uncertain and the status quo just won't do, the best thing we can do is keep our eye on the prize: universal and worldwide end to needless suffering.

About the Author
Michael has been writing articles online for 10 years. Not only does this author specialize in a variety of fields you can also check out his latest website which help people find more about air conditioners especially a carrier hvac .

Buddha And Symbolism

2010-07-21T09:17:00.000-07:00

Buddha And Symbolism by Terro White
in Shopping (submitted 2010-05-25)

All of South East Asia celebrates King Shuddodana's son The Enlightened one or the Buddha. In fact the term 'Buddha' is now synonymous with spirituality. The Great Sage and savior of humanity left behind more for man to comprehend after his Nirvana, than mere enshrined relics. Today, the name of Gautama Buddha spearheads a whole line of symbolism. It is believed that having images, statues or any kind of impression or symbol associated with the Great Sage actually shields the person from all harm and ill-fate. The symbols, including statues, both indoors and outdoors, are believed to infuse the family with renewed faith in providence and influences potential minds to take to religious/spiritual life. Images of a prince who spent a very secluded life, surrounded by only beauty, add to the aesthetics of the home or office. Today the Great One is a symbol of peace, love, hope and good luck.

Who was Buddha?

One of Ancient India's luminous kings, King Shuddodana ha the privilege of fathering The Enlightened One. Prince Siddhartha, his actual name, grew up as a strong, handsome youth, well-trained in warfare and fine arts. At the age of 16 he married the beautiful princess Yashodhara. However, unable to satiate the inner thirst for the redemption of the inevitable consequences of 'being' - birth, physical and mental ailments, old age, and death, Buddha embarked upon a self-ordained path. As time passed, and filled with pain at the sights of an old man, the critically ill and the funeral pyre, he meditated on the Truth of Life. The sage's renunciation of all the pleasures of the flesh gave him the most peaceful look that is still captured by artists on images, sculptures, paintings and jewelry, in essence.

The impressions of the enlightened soul that have stayed on with us and are captured in our enwfound sense of aesthetics include:

* Giving up on the fine things in life - wife, newborn son Rahul, thick locks of hair and rich clothing.

* Practice of self-mortification and severe austerities.

* Sitting in peaceful meditation and incessant sharing of knowledge.

* Attaining the state of the Buddha which means 'The Enlightened One' or 'He who is Awake'.

Buddha and Symbolism

There are a number of arts and crafts designed around the buddha statue. A tour of India and other regions across South East Asia unravels the mystique and symbolism associated with the Great Soul. There are vast collections of statues, sculptures and figurines that mark various phases of the Life of The Enlightened One. Art work and exhibits reflecting the cultural heritage that has emerged out of Buddhist symbolism is popular even across Europe and other Western nations today. The art form is seen among exhibits of Chinese deities and Thai art and culture.

Buddhist art, like the Great Sage, is timeless in appeal and distinct in aesthetic genre. The characteristics, postures and variations are seen as a source of knowledge. This exclusive art form continues to thrive across geographical boundaries for the universal appeal in his teachings and potential in his Eight Fold Path.

About the Author
Today, buddha is more than just the name of a Great Sage. It is a term synonymous with symbolism and good-will. Art arising out of the life of the Enlightened One is a thriving home décor appeal factor

Buddhism and Science

2010-04-14T20:11:00.000-07:00

Buddhism and Science by Arjanyai
in Spirituality / Religion (submitted 2009-09-14)

Another aspect of long interest to the Buddhists has been the scientific nature of Buddhism. There is a usual claim, and also a pride, among the Buddhists that Buddhism is the most scientific of all religions. An instance of this can be found in the following words of U Chan Htoon, former justice of the Supreme Court of Burma: "In the case of Buddhism.........all the modern scientific concepts have been present from the beginning. There is no principle of science, from biological evolution to the General Theory of Relativity, that runs counter to any teaching of Gotama Buddha."1 "There cannot be any achievement of science, no matter how revolu-tionary, that will ever contradict the teachings of Buddhism."2 Professor von Glasenapp, an eminent German Indologist, specifies the following Buddhist concepts as unchallenged by modern scientific ideas: the principle of universal order (dhamma); a positivistic denial of eternal substances; the contention that soul or self is an artificial abstraction; the recognition of a plurality of worlds; and the affirmation of the essential similarity between man and animal.3 As Dr. Swearer says in his "Buddhism in Transition": "There are at least three principal ways in which the assertion of the scientific nature of Buddhism is presented: Buddhism is more scientific than other religions, especially theism (viz., Christianity); there is a general agreement between the approach or method of Buddhism and science; and, science proves or validates particular Buddhist teachings such as the doctrines of rebirth (samsara) and impermanence (anicca)."4 Here, Buddhist meditation becomes the experimental laboratory where the Truth of one's existence can be proved by intuitive insight, an experience of the individual, each for himself. The concept of impermanence finds its confirmation in Einstein's field theory of modern physics.

THE ESP Also covered in the field of scientific study of Buddhism is the research on parapsychology, especially the ESP (extrasensory perception), and on the problem of rebirth. The growth of scientific interest in these ancient beliefs was evidenced by the founding of the Society for Psychical Research of London in 2425/1882, the American Society for Psychical Research in 2431/1888, and other similar societies later on in most European countries, especially in the Netherlands, France and Italy where active work has been carried on. Stimulated by the effective work of these societies, a few universities in America and later in Europe have taken up psychical research as a serious subject for study. Parapsychological laboratories or research departments were opened in leading universities such as Harvard, Stanford and Duke Universities in the United States, and the University of Utrecht and Groningen University in the Netherlands. Leading psychologists like William James, William McDougall, C.G. Jung, and Sigmund Freud took an interest in the research. During the period from the 1930s to the 1960s the best-known work was that of Duke University in North Carolina. So far, however, except for hypnotism which is no longer regarded as paranormal, parapsychology has been of comparatively little interest to most professional scientists. But, a few years ago, much excitement was caused among some groups of the Buddhists by the research of psychologists and psychical research institutions working on the problem of remembering past existences. It was Dr. Ian Stevenson of the University of Virginia and Professor Gillbert Rhine of the Parapsychology Institute in Durham, North Carolina, that did much for the progress of study in this field. In Stevenson's "Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation," a study is made of a number of case histories of people who remembered past lives. Joseph Head and L.S. Cranston, in their compiled and edited work "Reincarnation in World Thought," present an exploration of what great thinkers through the ages have said on the subject, examining the contributions made to the discussion by the World's religions, philosophies and sciences. Francis Story,1 probably the Buddhist most active in trying to prove the truth of the doctrine of rebirth, wrote a booklet entitled The Case for Rebirth, made an inquiry into the memory of past lives of hundreds of Burmese and Ceylonese citizens, and around the year 2511/1968 made a tour of the United States and Asian countries lecturing on this subject. Finding in the alien-traditioned Western hemisphere their co-believers represented by historic figures such as Pythagoras, Empidocles and Thomas Alva Edison, and their belief supported by scientific study of modern Western scholars, some Buddhists have become convinced that the truth of the doctrine of rebirth has been proved. To the practising Buddhists, however, the ESP is something peripheral. The positive report on it may rouse in some people a stronger belief or a more active interest in Buddhism. But, so far as the essential aspect of Buddhism is concerned, the Buddhists realize that the attainment of the real benefit of Buddhism is dependent on their own efforts and striving, not subject to the scientific verification of the ESP.

About the Author
Certification in yoga The justices Golf fashion

Buddha Statues

2010-04-14T19:50:00.000-07:00

Buddha Statues
By: shakeeb

The figures and statues of Lord Buddha we see all around us are the sculptures of Shakyamuni Siddhartha Gautama the "Buddha" who was born in Kapilavastu, an ancient province of Nepal, as the son of king Suddhodana and Queen Maya Devi. The Queen had few auspicious dreams before the God entered her womb from the Tushita paradise.

As Siddhartha Gautama came to the age 28 he refrained from the kingdom and lived the life of a mendicant. He sought and achieved enlightenment in six years under a pipala tree and became a Buddha, in Bodhgaya. After enlightenment he expressed this verse:

"Through many births I have passed the builder of the house of pain is gone and I am free from any more births"

Shakyamuni Gautama advocated dharma through out his life and the light of the world had gone out and master passed away into Nirvana at an old age of over 80.

Talking of Buddha statues & figurines, the idols of Buddha are found in a wide form of poses the most common of all the type is the sitting Buddha statue in a lotus position. The pose displays inner and outer balance and tranquility. In meditating Buddha figurine the posture of the hand or the mudra, have the fingers of the right hand resting lightly on the left as they lay in the enlightened one's lap and legs are crossed in a Lotus position. Many Buddha carvings sit on a pedestal in a lotus blossom which depict the enlightened being or emptiness.

Another pose is the Abhaya mudra in which the right hand is raised and is the gesture of dispelling fear. Statuettes calling the earth to bear witness are depicted by postures where the right hand is touching the earth below, which displays total belief. And, finally the reclining Buddha figurine depicts Buddha's passage into death or Nirvana, as the disciples, angles and gods bade farewell to never returner Shakyamuni Siddhartha Gautama Buddha. Medicine Buddha figurine stands for the belief that Buddha parted knowledge on medicine along with spiritual guidance.

The Mudras or postures of hands of the Shakyamuni Buddha statuettes are either in abhaya (Fearlessness), Dhyana (meditation), Dharmachakra Parivartana (turning of the wheel of Dharma or doctrine or religion) and Bhumisparsa (calling the earth goddess to witness the touching of the earth by the right hand)

Buddha statuettes are handmade and thus they are artisan's labour of Love, or a loving heart and moving hands giving them shapes in absolute postures. The earliest representations of Buddha were mounds erected on the relics of Buddha, also known as "Stupa." The external decorations on the stupas display the entire life of the Buddha from leaving home to enlightenment and to Mahaparinirvana.

The largest and tallest Buddha statuettes were found in Afghanistan which were colossal in size and have been much recently destroyed by the Taliban's. The statuettes of Buddha in Nepal are generally made out of gold, granite, bronze, copper, brass, resin, silver, ceramic, wood, etc. And, they are put on sale in a fine work of display in Thamel and Durbar Square in the ancient town of Kathmandu in Nepal or sold in diverse online Buddha Statues store like himalayacrafts.com in wholesale or retail. The standing Buddha statuettes with flowering robes is also common. And Buddha heads and hands are also found for sale.

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The Lord Buddha preached his first sermon

2010-04-13T19:30:00.000-07:00

Sarnath - A Depiction of India's Rich Buddhist Heritage by Pushpitha Wijesinghe
in Travel / Destinations (submitted 2009-07-28)

Amidst the calm tranquility of the beautiful deer park of Sarnath, the Gautama Buddha preached his first sermon Dharmachakra Pravartan Sutta, the wheel of the Dharma. It was also here that the Buddhist priesthood (sanga) was born. Despite the passage of over 2 ½ millennia, Sarnath has preserved its serenity which continues to attract many visitors from around the world. Situated approximately 10 kilometers from Varanasi, it is a place of great spiritual and historical significance. Stated by The Lord Buddha as one of the four sacred places of pilgrimage, Sarnath became a major center for Buddhism. The complex was Renowned for its aesthetic adornments which reached their apex during the reign of Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC. Although ravaged by invading Turks towards the end of the 12th century, a visit to the ruined city is a gateway to India's rich Buddhist culture.

At the entrance one sees the Chaukhandi Stupa. This square structure of brick encased in an octagonal tower was built by Emperor Ashoka. Another extent stupa of importance is the cylindrical Dhamek Stupa. Made of brick and stone it reaches a height of 43.6 m. The lower half of the stupa which is larger in circumference than the upper half is marked by exquisite floral carvings. The Ashoka Pillar though partially destroyed retains stone inscriptions ordered by the emperor. The impressive lion capital that original capped the pillar and is today the nation's national emblem, is conserved at the Sarnath archeological museum. The museum is a treasure trove of artifacts showcasing the glory of Buddhist art in India. Sarnath also houses the modern Mulagandakuti Vihara. Adorned with rich frescos by premier Japanese artist, Kosetsu Nosu the temple contains a wide collection of Buddhist literature. In addition Sarnath is home to several temples of various Asian nations, reflecting its continuing importance as a spiritual center.

A visitor to Sarnath can easily find convenient accommodation in Varanasi. Located on the left bank of the Ganges the city has been a cultural and spiritual center for almost 3 millennia. A stay at a reputed Varanasi hotel will undoubtedly add to the convenience of the traveler. The Gateway Hotel Ganges provides warm native hospitality meeting international standards and will ensure optimum comfort and enjoyment in discovering the region.

About the Author
Pushpitha Wijesinghe is an experienced independent freelance writer. He specializes in providing a wide variety of content and articles related to the travel hospitality industry.

Quantum - Buddhism

2010-03-26T01:12:00.000-07:00

Quantum Bhuddhism by Ellis Peterson
in Spirituality / Meditation (submitted 2009-11-25)

Quantum - Buddhism

We, as a Solar System, have just orbited into another thirty degree arc around our Galactic Sun.

The orbits of the Planets around our Sun, the Solar Systems around our Galaxy and the Galaxies around the Universe are all part of a Divine Plan created by the Grand Architect of the Universe.

We have just entered the Age of Aquarius, which will last 2000 years. The new paradigm for the next 2000 years is called the Laws of Quantum Physics.

Although we continually orbit around our Galactic Sun, the destiny of mankind upon the planet Earth does not change.

It has always been and will continue to be self - development. Raising ones level of consciousness, individualizing and becoming more godlike is part of self-development.

All the great spiritual teachers of the past taught the same thing using different words and different names for God and his created Universe.

If you read Buddha's words with your mind on the Laws of Quantum Physics, you will see the similarity of thought.

Now in the 21st Century the Laws of Spiritual Quantum Physics tell us:

"There exists an infinite ocean of thinking, intelligent energy called the Quantum Ocean. There is no time there, only the Now. There is no space there, only the Here.

"Everything that was, is or will be exists in the Quantum Ocean. "It is a time-less, space-less infinite point where "the ALL" exists.

What a wonderful modern day definition for the Mind of God.

Let us look at what the Buddha said and see if we can see similarities.

Buddha speaks,:

"All is Mind. Mind only. All things are one and have no life apart from it. All parts are within the whole, inter fused with it, while retaining the full identity of the part." (We are all individual Souls within the Mind of God, both inter fused with it and retaining our individual identity.)

Buddha speaks:

"There is neither Here nor There, for it is always HERE. There is neither Now nor Then, for all is NOW."

"The passing show of life is to be used, and neither enjoyed nor ignored, for behind the show is only MIND, MIND only."

"It is hard to focus on infinity without fear. Men need to gaze upon something, that is just ahead of them, but not too far."

"Hence thoughts of Gods, Saints and Saviors. They exit and do not exist, they are thoughts within an ultimate mind" (Mind of God.)

"In all successive planes of matter (Quantum Ocean) the ONE (Mind of God) is manifest."

"Work out your own Salvation with diligence."

"Be still and know that I am God."

"The void (Quantum Ocean) is already filled. It is filled with Tao or Zen or life or light. All man-made noises for the infinite (God.)"

"The light is within thee, Let the light shine."

Buddha speaks:

"The doctrine of Karma (cause and effect) are frightening to all but the strongest mind"

"All that we are is the result of what we have thought, and all that shall be is the result of what we are thinking Now."

"We are building now our tomorrow, creating hour by hour our Heaven and Hell."

"Cease to do evil; Learn to do Good."

Let those who have eyes see the correlation of truth then and now.

:

About the Author
Ragnar Storyteller (AKA Ellis Peterson is a Korean War Vet living with his wife Lory and dog Dixie in the boonies of the Pocono Mountains. He is a retired math professor and electronics engineer. He is the inventor of the simple radionics device called "The Nordic Ond Orgone Generator." He has written over 200 articles. See them on his websites:

http://www.quantum-physics-spirituality.com/

and

http://www.runes-for-health-wealth-love-now.com/

The Enlightenment Place of The Lord Buddha

2010-03-23T01:58:00.000-07:00

Bodh Gaya: Place of Enlightenment by Sanjog
in Travel / Travel Tips (submitted 2010-03-03)

Bodhgaya is one of the important and sacred Buddhist pilgrimage centers of the world which is located in the state of Bihar. It was here 2,500 years ago; under a banyan tree Lord Buddha attained enlightenment. For Buddhists BodhGaya, is one of the four pilgrimage sites which are related to the life of Gautama Buddha. Mahabodhi Temple of this place became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2002. This land has numerous Buddhist monuments, temples and monasteries, which reflects the historical as well as religious relevance of this place.

The Bodhi Tree:
This is the most sacred pipal tree for every Buddhist which is located at the back of the main temple. It was this tree under which Gautama got enlightened. The present tree is believed to be the descendant of the original tree which was said to be secretly cut down by the Ashoka's wife because she never used to like Ashoka spending time there. It is the most important attractions of this place are visited by almost every tourist who flock this place every year. Pilgrims or tourists who visit this place collect the fallen Bodhi Tree seeds and leaves as blessings for themselves and to their family.

Mahabodhi Temple:
This is the most important temple which stands in the east to the Bodhi Tree. It is known throughout the world for its architectural supremacy. This grand edifice constructed on a basement of 48 square feet rises to the height of 170 ft. On the top of the temple there are Chatras which symbolically represent sovereignty of religion. The four towers on its corner provide perfect balance to this holy structure.

Inside this sacred sanctum there is a black stone colossal image of the Buddha in a sitting posture which captivates visitor's attention. It is in this posture the Buddha attained the supreme enlightenment. The whole temple courtyard is encircled by numbers of votive stupas. Built 2500 years ago, these are known for their structural beauty.

Vajrasana:
This is the stone platform kept under Bodhi Tree. It is believed that on this stone platform Buddha meditated, facing east . It is the most revered spot of this place which is worshiped nowadays.

Some of the other world known treasures of this place is 80 ft Statue of the Buddha, Lotus Tank, Buddha Kund, Rajayatana and Brahm Yoni.

About the Author
Bodh Gaya is the most important of the main four pilgrimage sites related to the life of Gautama Buddha. It is the place where Gautama Buddha attained nirvana (Enlightenment). It is among the religious cities of the North India Tourism which is known for its Buddhist monuments, temples and monasteries.

Breathing Concentration and Meditation

2010-03-21T20:18:00.000-07:00

Why meditation is good? by Baaltazar Shanton
in Health / Mental Health (submitted 2010-03-17)

Jiddu Krishnamurti(writer and speaker on philosophical and spiritual subjects) once said, "Man, in order to escape his conflicts, has invented many forms of meditation. These have been based on desire, will, and the urge for achievement, and imply conflict and a struggle to arrive.

This conscious, deliberate striving is always within the limits of a conditioned mind, and in this there is no freedom. All effort to meditate is the denial of meditation. Meditation is the ending of thought. It is only then that there is a different dimension which is beyond time."

So you have heard about meditation. But what is meditation exactly? Why is it good?

- Meditation can cease psychosomatic illnesses
- It can resolve the mental barricade that is responsible for sorrow and unhappiness
- Meditation creates harmony, brings balance to your life and gives inner peace
- It can increase your awareness about life, goals, other people and happiness
- Makes you look younger
- Lowers bloodpressure

What is the goal of meditation?

- Releasing stress
- Easing the mind
- Creating a state where you are free and happy

The advantage of meditation
The biggest advantage of meditation - especially breathing meditation - that you can do that anytime, anywhere. Even at your workplace, before an important meeting, on the street, in a traffic jam, etc.

Physiological effects

- If you live a stressful and busy life your brain produces more electrical tension - the problem of our era: the headache arises. Meditation reduces significantly the electrical tension in our brain, so it can rest for a few minutes and heal itself. You will feel much alive, clean and fresh after a few minutes of relaxation.

- Research shows that during sleeping and meditation also metabolism slows down. Metabolism indicates the inner balance of your body. If it's slow then it needs more time to ocnvert the food into energy therefore using less oxigen.

- The deep and real relaxation activates the healing power of the body which starts certain processes that make you look younger. The metabolism slows down so the body can focus on healing and renewing itself.

- During sleeping our metabolism slows down by 8% after 4-5 hours. When you meditate you it slows down by 20% in just half an hour therefore it gives you quality resting. Warning: meditation cannot substitute sleeping!

- Stress contracts the vein walls and that causes high bloodpressure. Meditation eases up the veins and creates better way for the bloodflow.

About the Author
Baaltazar Shanton is a curious adventurer, wandering around the world to be a better person. If you are interested in health and especially meditation check out his personal site: Meditation Techniques For Beginners

Meditation: Meaning and Forms

2010-03-16T20:43:00.000-07:00

Meditation: Meaning and Forms by Ajay Kapoor
in Health / Fitness (submitted 2010-01-02)

Meditation, not to be confused with meditation, is an ancient art form that has been practiced for centuries, with origins in the Eastern part of the word; India being a prime example. The basic use of meditation is as a form of healing which does not require the ingestion of any medications, relying only on the individuals mind and how it may be finely tuned to achieve the desired effects on both mind and body. The purpose of meditation is to transcend "normal" thinking and elevate oneself into a higher state of awareness and consciousness, achieve a relaxed state of mind, and be able to clearly focus.

Meditation covers a wide range of spiritual and psycho-physical practices and is not limited to religious traditional practice. The common denominator among all types of meditation, however, is the discipline involved - anyone going into a regime of meditation needs to know the level of discipline that will be required.

As has just been mentioned, meditation does have a number of religious roots including forms developing from the practice of the Baha'i faith, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism , Judaism, Jainism amongst many others, and more recently, from New Age movements.

The practice of meditation can take one of several forms including the focus on a single object or process such as a mantra. Meditation can also be performed while walking or performing or engaged in a simple repetitive task. The object in all cases is to focus and concentrate while minimizing distractions in order to achieve the desired goal of inner peace and self awareness, transcending the mundane cares that usually bog down a good number of us.

Meditation, as practiced in India, has its origins in the Hinduism and Buddhism faith. The original Buddha, Siddhartha Guatama, is believed to have achieved enlightenment while meditating under a Bodhi tree. Buddhist meditation is classified into two forms: the samatha and the vipassana, both of which are necessary for achieving enlightenment. The two classifications have also been found to merge into one another, with a session starting out with samatha characteristics while ending up with a vipassana practice. While the samatha practice is based on focusing the attention single-pointedly, the vapassana practice is aimed at seeing things as they really are, in the true nature of reality.

In the vipassana style of meditation, the focus of awareness is first of all on the rising and falling the breath and then, when respiration is almost suspended and the mind and heart are still, the focus is then shifted onto either some simple symbol e.g. a candle flame or a body part such as the individual's thumb; or a concept. This is provided that any of these is not likely to prove emotionally or intellectually disturbing.

Meditation has been practiced in India for centuries and there are meditation practitioners and coaches in India who have further developed the art of meditation into a fine skill which will help the individual gain a sense of peace, awareness and total well-being.

For more Details visit our site linked below:

Meditation in India

About the Author
Ajay kapoor is the name and form of the knowledge of freedom and bliss. He understands that the only valuable treasure worth having is a state of being that is non-demanding, non-expecting and non-controlling.

Mindfulness Meditation

2010-03-10T02:35:00.000-08:00

Mindfulness meditation for perfect happiness by caseypratt4167
caseypratt4167
Casey Pratt
in Self Help (submitted 2009-10-19)

People the world over and especially in the United States are into mindfulness meditation in a bid to get the elusive happiness they are always looking for. Happiness is not a fleeting moment, but a state of bliss where you are permanently content with yourself. You neither feel enraged nor unusually ecstatic at the goings on around you.

Inside your mind which is very complex, you have different trains of thoughts. You get to hear lots of messages inside your mind as they bombard your thoughts and most of them come into your thinking, creating ripples in your thought process. It is separating the chaff from the wheat that you do in this form of meditation. You begin slowly by realizing that the messages that come in your thoughts are part of a habit and the mediation practice makes you separate them and distinguish between them as well.

In meditation of mindfulness you progress when you start realizing that happiness is all about detaching yourself from the thoughts. You cannot stop the thought process, but you can sort of 'watch' them from a distance. You never realize this fully as long as you keep identifying yourself with the thoughts as they rage inside you. Happiness cannot be brought over from an external source. No change in circumstance can make you permanently happy. Happiness of that type always comes with a thorn of sorrows.

Reactions in the mind to the thought processes can result in both unpleasant as well as pleasant feelings. We feel unpleasant when negative thoughts come in and pleasant feeling results from positive developments that are to our liking. Good events that have been beneficial to us make us happy while moments and events where we had a raw deal or felt bad make us unhappy. Once we can release ourselves from the thoughts by being a conscious witness, they would cease to bother us. We realize happiness doesn't lie outside and cannot be brought about by the change in external circumstances.

There are many meditation centers in the US where mindfulness meditation is practiced and taught. Practitioners can also maintain a state of mindfulness even when they are not attending the sessions. Mindfulness meditation is the realization that the present happenings are only in the mental context. You hear sounds while you perform any type of activity. You can feel or hear the drink going down inside you or the sounds of nature as the wind blows.

You can hear the wind or the rustle of leaves. Similarly you become aware and mindful of the commentary inside your mind that happens continuously. You can do any activity mindfully all the time like washing plates or clothing. If you don't, it does not remain a duty performed, but turns into a boring task. You can remain forever aware by performing mindfulness meditation techniques.

anxiety attacks symptoms can be prevented. Learn more about facts on buddhism.

Learn more on Neuroplasticity repairs vision loss through VRT

About the Author
Casey Pratt teaches methods on how symptoms of anxiety attacks can be prevented.

Vipassana Meditation Technique

2010-03-01T19:37:00.000-08:00

Vipassana Meditation Techniques by alleysmith
in Health / Alternative Medicine (submitted 2009-12-16)

Vipassana meditation does not adhere to any particular form of faith. Many people from various religions have had excellent results from Vipassana and no interference with their specific faith occurred. Vipassana meditation is a method to eliminate suffering, increase mental purification and assist the individual to handle life's tensions and stresses in a calm, peaceful manner.

One the oldest techniques of meditation, Vipassana was discovered by Buddha about 2500 years ago. At that time he used to live in the northern part of India. Buddha helped millions of people to come out of their miseries by teaching them this wonderful technique.

This meditation teaches the middle path to life just as Lord Buddha had propagated. It helps us realize the emptiness of the human body and that the real Self is the soul. It teaches patience and benevolence towards all humans and things. Vipassana meditation is rooted in Indian scriptures and hence is an ancient technique of meditation which is practiced to this day.

The technique of Vipassana essentially involves watching the breath and the breathing process. Through this watching, the mind calms, the awareness of the meditator improves dramatically over time. He is able to witness the reality and true nature of things as they are, without any mental bias whatsoever.

Generally our conditioning is done is such a way that we react with negative emotions whenever we have negative sensations and react with positive emotions when we have positive sensations which puts us in the vicious cycle of misery and more misery.

This technique aims to eradicate suffering by working at the deepest part of the mind and purifies mental impurities resulting in pure happiness and satisfaction. It can be simply described as self transformation through self observation.

Vipassana meditation has been used for prison inmates to improve their behavior and well-being. Inmates who participated in the Vipassana sessions were found to be less depressed. Their willingness to co-operate improved and they were less likely to smoke.

Vipassana also means to see things as they really are. There are courses offered in vipassana and are offered at no charge for the ten day course. Amazingly enough even room and board are included as all expenses are covered by the donations of those who have taken the course and benefited from it. They provide the support for the course in the hopes of more people realizing their true potential.

Vipassana Meditation, or: Witnessing the mind, is a simple yet challenging exercise. Especially in the beginning phases of the learning curve, Vipassana can be quite a challenge. While the principle is not difficult to understand or to apply, the challenge lies in maintaining the state of awareness and alertness as opposed to slipping back in identifying with the arising thought-forms.

Vipassana is an insight into the true nature of things; seeing things as they are. The path that leads to this insight or realization is awareness or mindfulness. It is exclusively found in no other religion rather than Buddhism. In this meditation, four objects are considered for concentration of mind: body, feelings, thoughts and mental states.

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About the Author
Vipassana meditation does not adhere to any particular form of faith. Many people from various religions have had excellent results from Vipassana and no interference with their specific faith occurred.

What Is Mindfulness In Meditation by Steve
in Spirituality / Meditation (submitted 2010-01-26)

The Pali word, Sati, is translated in the english word we know as Mindfulness. Words cannot fully descibe mindfulness as it's an activity that must be experienced to fully grasp. It cannot be layed out in logical terms. However, by experiencing, one can describe even though one must remember that words are only words and the activity itself is the true meaning.

Buddha introduced Vipassana Insight Meditation some twenty-five centuries ago. It's basis is to instruct the meditator in reaching a state of Mindfulness through focused awareness. Mindfuless, by nature is a subtle process that everyone does every day. The reality that produces spoken words is a human process of Mindfulness.

As humans, when we first become "aware" of something, at a fleeting instant there is just pure awareness - before we identify that something. Typically this is very brief and unless you are an experienced meditator only your subconsious is aware of this. When we first look at say a red car, that fleeting moment right before our mind tells us "that's a red car" is mindfulness. It is non judgmental and made up of pure positive energy.

Meditation provides a tool in harnessing this mindfulness and to the meditator is experienced as peacefulness and joy. With time and practice the experiences extend and eventually are part of your every day activities whether sitting on a meditation cushion or washing the dishes.

About the Author
Steve has been writing articles for nearly 4 years. Come visit his latest website and current interest over at http://www.bowlingballbagsonsale.com/default.html
which helps people find the best bowling ball bags and information they are looking for on bowling accessories.

Ashoka:Great Buddhist Emperor

2010-03-01T01:27:00.000-08:00

Buddhism Under the Great Kings of India Buddhism by Arjanyai
in Spirituality / Religion (submitted 2009-07-20)

By the time of Asoka, Brahmanism or Hinduism had been in the process of developing from a religion of sacrificial rituals into cults of worshipful devotion (Bhakti) to gods of various names, such as Hari, Narayana, Vishnu and Siva. During his reign, though Buddhism became the ruling faith of the people, the Brahmins were still influential and formed a large part of the ruling class. As soon as Asoka died, a Brahminical reaction set in. His empire became weakened and began to break up. About fifty years after Asoka's death, the Brahmin Pushyamitr, commander in chief of the last Mauryan ruler, assassinated his master and made himself the first king of the Sunga dynasty.

Pushyamitr, in an effort to return northern India to Brahmanism, made two great horse sacrifices and began persecuting the Buddhists. He burnt their monasteries, killed the monks, and even made a declaration that he would reward anyone who presented him with the head of a Buddhist.

However, Pushyamitr was not so powerful as the great kings of the Mauryas and Buddhism did not come to an end through his hostile efforts. In spite of the persecution, most people remained devoted to their faith. Moreover, Buddhism flourished in other kingdoms, both in the north and in the south, which broke away from the former empire of the Mauryas both before and during Pushyamitr's reign. Especially in the northwest, it even found an energetic patronage under an IndoGreek king called Menander.

Menander or Milinda was a great king who, ruled the kingdom of the Bactrian Greeks in northwest India during the same period as Pushyamitr. As a Buddhist, he was both a scholar and a great patron of the religion. A great dialogue on Buddhism between the king and the Elder Nagasena was recorded in the Milindapanha, a well-known Pali masterpiece which was named after him. Around this time, through the Greek influence, there appeared for the first time the making of images of the Buddha. Within a century, this practice became common in northwest India as a development of the Gandhara school of art and tnen spread and was accepted in all Buddhist lands. The creation of Buddha-images as objects of worship contributed much to the development of religious ceremonies, temples, paintings, sculptures, crafts, and music in later centuries.

Also by this time, a new movement, the so-called Mahayana, had begun to be active in northwest India. Then and there both the Theravada and the Mahayana flourished side by side. From there they spread to Central Asia and, some time before or during the reign of King Mingti (58-75 C.E.), further to China. As time passed by, the centres of the Theravada moved toward the south and flourished outside its homeland. In northern India the Mahayana became stronger while the Theravada weakened. In the ninth century B.E. (4th century C.E.), the Theravada was so weak that the centre at Buddhagaya had to send Buddhaghosa to Ceylon to translate the commentaries back into Pali and bring them back to India.

The Mahayana found great support and flourished under Kanishka, a great king who ruled the Kushan Empire in northwest India and Pakistan in the early half of the seventh century B.E. (1st-2nd century C.E.), and can be said to have taken a separate course of history ever since.

It should be noted that of the five greatest kings of Indian history (from B.E. I till the British occupation in B.E. 2327/1784 C.E.), three were devout Buddhists, one was a softened Hindu, and another one was a Muslim who sought to found a new religion of his own.

The first and the greatest of the greatest was Asoka (B.E.218-260) whose devoted support to the early form of Buddhism caused it to spread for the first time beyond the borders of India, become a world religion and develop into the so-called Buddhist culture of southern Asian countries.

The second was Kanishka (B.E. 621-644/78-101 C.E.), the great patron of Mahayana, who completed the work of Asoka and helped the northern branch of Buddhism to spread far and wide.

The third was Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (B.E.923-956/380-413 C.E.) of the Hindu Gupta dynasty, who reigned during the period when Buddhist institutions had attained great prosperity and been so influential that the Hindu rulers had to depend on Buddhists (such as their own generals or advisers) and Buddhist institutions for their own power and glory, and were forced or induced to become tolerant of Buddhism and to support the Buddhist cause or even became converted to Buddhism themselves.

The fourth was Harsha or Harsha-Vardhana or Harsha Siladitya (B.E. 1149-1191/606-648 C.E.), the last Buddhist emperor of India, who kept the light of Indian Buddhism glowing for a short interval after it had been worn out both by foreign invasions and internal persecution and degeneration, and before it disappeared, through the same causes, from the religious scene of India.

The fifth and last was Akbar (B.E.2103-2148/1560-1605 C.E.) who came to the throne of the Moghul Empire during the Muslim period when Buddhism had long disappeared from India, and, finding himself dissatisfied with the existing faiths, created his own religion of reason called din Ilahi or the Divine Faith which died with him.

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The Lord Buddha delivered the great principle of Buddhism on Magha Puja Day

2010-02-25T15:39:00.000-08:00

Magha Puja is an important religious celebration by Naveen Marasinghe
in Travel

Magha Puja is one of the holiest days on the Buddhist calendar for devotees in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. The day is celebrated with great gusto particularly in Thailand, the day for the festival falls on the third lunar month of the Thai calendar on a full moon day, which according to the western calendar is in February. Buddhists from all over the country flock to the many temples and Wats to engage in religious observances and meritorious acts.

The day on which Magha Puja falls is significant in Buddhist history as a day on which an important event took place in the life of the Buddha. The incident was 1250 arhat monks arriving in Veluwana Vihara in Rajagaha without prior notification to pay homage to the Lord Buddha. Each of the monks had been ordained by the Buddha himself, each monk arrived on his own initiative and it all took place on a perfect full moon day. On this day the Buddha delivered a great sermon known as the Ovadha Patimokhaâ€. This sermon is regarded as a foundation of philosophy and initiated the propagation of Buddhism to countries like Thailand.

On this day people visit temples, offer flowers, light joss sticks and pray to Lord Buddha. During the latter half of the day a monk delivers a sermon to devotees at the temple on a certain religious topic. Candle lit processions that see the participation of over thousands of people is seen through out the country.

In Bangkok the Thai King himself presides over the ceremonies conducted at the temple of the Emerald Buddha and later leads the procession that begins at that temple. The best places to experience the Magha Puja festival in Bangkok are the Emerald Buddha Temple and the Grand Palace. Apart from seeing the cultural value of these two institutions one also gets to experience a Thai religious festival. A Bangkok apartment that is located close to both these attractions is President Park.

About the Author
Naveen Marasinghe is an Online Marketing Executive at eMarketingEye which is a search engine marketing agency that offers integrated Internet marketing solutions and specializes in serving the online travel and hospitality industry. (http://www.emarketingeye.com/ )

Tigers living with Buddhists in Thailand

2010-02-25T15:31:00.000-08:00

Buddhism: Thailand

2010-01-25T05:58:00.000-08:00

Buddhism: Thailand by Manora
in Religion (submitted 2009-12-04)

Buddhism: More than 500 years before the birth of Jesus Christ, the Indian Prince Siddhartha Gautama attained Enlightenment and founded the great Eastern religion, Buddhism. Gradually spreading through Asia,
Buddhism became the dominant spiritual force in Sikkim, Bhutan, Tibet, Mongolia, Ceylon, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Korea and Japan, where it was responsible for moulding attitudes, tempering morality, colouring customs and inspiring some of the world's finest art, sculpture and architecture.

Buddhism first appeared in Thailand during the 3rd century B.C. when missionaries despatched by the Buddhist Indian emperor Ashoke (267-227 B.C.), visited Nakom Pathom, today a provincial capital and site of the world's tallest Buddhist monument. Once established, Buddhism proved a durable and persuasive force, so much so that the Mons migrating into the area during the Dvaravati period readily adopted it as a complement to the Brahmanism they already practised. At its inception in 600 B.C., Buddhism had been a reaction against Brahmanism, the major contemporary Indian religion which would later be absorbed by Hinduism.

Buddhism eschewed Brahmanism's emphasis on caste, on dogma regarding sacrifice, ritual and asceticism and its pantheon of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Pre-server) and Shiva (the Destroyer). At the same time, it modified Brahmanic concepts of karma and rebirth.

Brahmanism answered the needs for formalized celebration of man as a higher being. Later, associated with the monarchy, it provided ceremonies governing court etiquette, hierarchy and ritual. Important aspects of Brahmanism touch every present-day Thai. The traditional and formal Thai wedding ceremony is entirely Brahman in origin. Brahmans still preside over various royal Thai court rituals and Brahman shrines can be found throughout the country.

Buddhism also made deep inroads into the animist beliefs which had held sway in the Menam Chao Phya basin. Despite its popularity, it never entirely supplanted them. Through animism one could placate rampant, vengeful spirits. Buddhism, on the other hand, spoke to the individual's inner being and provided him with direction in ordering his daily life. More importantly, it gave an explanation for his existence and offered hope for a better life in future incarnations. Briefly, Buddhists believe that one's life does not begin with birth and end with death, but is a link in a chain of lives, each conditioned by volitional acts (karma) committed in previous existences. The concept of karma, the law of cause and effect, suggests that selfishness and craving result in suffering. Conversely, compassion and love bring one happiness and well-being. Therefore, only by eliminating desire can one find peace of mind. The ideal Buddhist aspiration is to attain perfection through Nirvana, an indescribable, immutable state unconditioned by desire, suffering or further rebirth, In which a person simply is, yet is completely at one with his surroundings.

Later, the Thais moving southward from China similarly embraced Buddhism, finding it psychologically, emotionally and intellectually satisfying. Moreover, Buddhism was easily adopted because it did not conflict with animism or Brahmanic ritual but fulfilled needs not addressed by either.

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Loving Kindness

2009-09-18T19:07:00.000-07:00

Lord Buddha - teaching and saying

2009-09-08T19:08:00.000-07:00

Buddha teachings and sayings by Terry Kubiak

Buddha felt that nothing was truly lasting. He asked himself, what is this life. Buddha taught his message in this way to his father, wife and son. He did not attach any importance to religious rituals. He sought to find out why the mind gets disturbed. He carried on his mission in this spirit of equanimity and tolerance. He spoke out against scholarship unrelated to the good life. Buddha's emphasis was entirely on purity in every aspect of daily life being totally opposed to anyone being forced to lead a worldly life against his will. Before he attained Nirvana, summoned his step-brother Ananda to his side to impart his last message. He told Ananda that this truth was learned by him from his own experience. He laid down three rules for all actions. He termed this equal mindedness as "Nirvana". Buddha wandered all over the country in search of spiritual peace and liberation. He declared that only sacred thoughts can lead to sacred speech. The word Buddha comes from the Sanskrit root 'budh', meaning to awaken, and the Buddhas are those who have awakened to the true nature of things as taught in the Four Noble Truths. Buddhas are distinguished from other enlightened beings such as Arhats by virtue of the fact that they discover the truth (Dharma) themselves, rather than hearing it from another. Buddhas are frequently represented in the form of statues and paintings. Buddha realized then that he should not go to extremes in torturing the body by starvation and that he should adopt the golden mean or the happy medium or the middle path by avoiding extremes. Buddha gave out the experiences of his Samadhi: "I thus behold my mind released from the defilement of earthly existence, released from the defilement of sensual pleasures, released from the defilement of heresy, released from the defilement of ignorance. Buddha argued and debated with his old disciples who had deserted him when he was in the Uruvila forest. He made sixty disciples and sent them in different directions to preach his doctrine. Telling them not to enquire into the origin of the world, but into the existence and nature of God. Buddha Statues inspire us to develop our inner qualities to achieve happiness, good fortune, and satisfaction in our lives. He has been deified and also conflated with several indigenous luck and money gods of China and Japan, including The Laughing Buddha or Lucky Buddha.
Some of his sayings and thoughts are very pure as you can read in the following Buddha sayings. "All that we are is the result of what we have thought. All things appear and disappear because of the concurrence of causes and conditions. Ambition is like love, impatient both of delays and rivals. An idea that is developed and put into action is more important than an idea that exists only as an idea. Believe nothing, no matter where you read it, or who said it, no matter if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your own common sense. Better than a thousand hollow words, is one word that brings peace. Chaos is inherent in all compounded things. Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment. Do not overrate what you have received, nor envy others. Even death is not to be feared by one who has lived wisely. Every human being is the author of his own health or disease. Hatred does not cease by hatred, but only by love; this is the eternal rule. Have compassion for all beings, rich and poor alike; each has their suffering. He is able who thinks he is able. He who experiences the unity of life sees his own Self in all beings, and all beings in his own Self, and looks on everything with an impartial eye. He who loves 50 people has 50 woes; he who loves no one has no woes. Health is the greatest gift, contentment the greatest wealth, faithfulness the best relationship. Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one who gets burned. However many holy words you read, however many you speak, what good will they do you if you do not act on upon them. I do not believe in a fate that falls on men however they act; but I do believe in a fate that falls on them unless they act. I never see what has been done; I only see what remains to be done. In a controversy the instant we feel anger we have already ceased striving for the truth, and have begun striving for ourselves. In the sky, there is no distinction of east and west; people create distinctions out of their own minds and then believe them to be true. It is a man's own mind, not his enemy or foe that lures him to evil ways. It is better to conquer yourself than to win a thousand battles. It is better to travel well than to arrive. Just as a candle cannot burn without fire, men cannot live without a spiritual life. Just as treasures are uncovered from the earth, so virtue appears from good deeds, and wisdom appears from a pure and peaceful mind. Let us rise up and be thankful, for if we didn't learn a lot today, at least we learned a little, and if we didn't learn a little, at least we didn't get sick, and if we got sick, at least we didn't die; so, let us all be thankful. On life's journey faith is nourishment, virtuous deeds are a shelter, wisdom is the light by day and right mindfulness is the protection by night. Teach this triple truth to all: A generous heart, kind speech, and a life of service and compassion are the things which renew humanity. The foot feels the foot when it feels the ground. The only real failure in life is not to be true to the best one knows. The secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn for the past, nor to worry about the future, but to live the present moment wisely and earnestly. The virtues, like the Muses, are always seen in groups. The way is not in the sky. The whole secret of existence is to have no fear. The wise ones fashioned speech with their thought, sifting it as grain is sifted through a sieve. There are only two mistakes one can make along the road to truth; not going all the way, and not starting. There has to be evil so that good can prove its purity above it. There is nothing more dreadful than the habit of doubt. Those who are free of resentful thoughts surely find peace. Thousands of candles can be lighted from a single candle, and the life of the candle will not be shortened. Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth. To be idle is a short road to death and to be diligent is a way of life; foolish people are idle, wise people are diligent. To enjoy good health, to bring true happiness to one's family, to bring peace to all, one must first discipline and control one's own mind."

About the Author
Asian statues and swords. Ancient Asian statues and antique Buddha statues. Chinese discs and vessels. Chinese currency and antique vases. http://www.worldwidestore.com/AScomputerM5.htm

Wisdom of the Buddha

2009-08-28T18:00:00.000-07:00

Buddha Wisdom

2009-08-28T17:51:00.000-07:00

Winning With Wisdom by Jack Marinchek

Winning with Wisdom There are universal generalities that seem to apply to life in general and human struggle in particular. Historically, mankind has sought the favor of the gods and stars for winning with wisdom.
Now, in the 21st Century, people seeking wisdom find themselves in a quandary about who or what is for real in terms of authenticity, wisdom and practicality.

Here is my personal observation or experience regarding this matter. Firstly, I am referenced to Masters of Spirituality, historically and traditionally. I am talking about people like the Buddha, Daniel and Solomon of the Old Testament, Jesus Christ, and Mohammed. Oh yeah, and even contemporaries like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela.

Most likely, if you are striving to make your mark in this world, you will discover that people of action generally speaking, have a high regard for spiritual wisdom and guidance. Not all people, but certainly a big chunk of them when it comes to winning with wisdom.

At any rate, having studied quite a few of these Masters of Wisdom, I have concluded that they all prescribe to many common realities or truths. Their differentiations appear to be more culturally predisposed or biased. But this is quite normal for the human condition in my opinion.

*"You got to give to get", appears to be a big commonality. Oh yes, don't forget, "What goes around comes around". I grant you, these two sentiments I can verify as having great truth and validity. I have experienced the wisdom of these platitudes personally, both the good and bad.

*The personal characteristic of inviting wise counsel and strategy before taking action on a project appears to be a universal requirement for inviting success. This also entails the necessity of inviting and accepting criticism from trusted friends and associates.

This characteristic, inviting criticism, by its very nature, promulgates great character, discipline and focus.

*Most interestingly, self-control and the ability for controlling one's temper or anger is an absolute must for anyone serious about successful leadership in any endeavor. I have known some very talented people who simply could not restrain or control their anger impulses. Needless to say, the wrong thing said in the heat of an argument to the wrong person does create chaos and disaster.

*Almost to a man, you will find in the Wisdom Books of these historical masters, offering pronouncements eschewing anger and lack of self-control. Self-control is more important then almost anything else. In ancient times, people of strong self-control were thought to be greater then any warlord or general. * The Golden Rule, treat other people like you want to be treated, makes a lot sense to me. These moral platitudes have the same validity today as when they were originated thousands of years ago.

Generally, there are ethical and moral laws that need paying attention to in order to have a rich successful life. You certainly don't have to be religious. I have observed some very successful people that think god and spirituality are big jokes. And they enjoy successful rich lives.

If you look closely at these individuals, you will find the same commonalities that are universal to all successful strong people. They honor and respect "relationships". They don't short change the recognition of caring for and helping others. In another words, they are of good spirit and heart. Part of the confusion that most people have relates to the interpretation of the meaning and understanding of spirituality. As we gain more understanding of the universe, a good deal of the separation and disagreements of what constitutes Wisdom, I believe, will disappear. A great deal of this strife and contention is the resultant of semantics, perspective and understanding. The Buddha and Christ, seemed to be reading from the same script. It's ironic, that two people from seemingly opposite poles have said virtually the same thing regarding the power of belief and winning with wisdom. Here are some interesting insights which Marcus Borg presents in his book, Jesus and Buddha. My conclusion here is that there are general universal laws which all people can take advantage of and improve their lives. No particular religion or belief system has a monopoly on wisdom.

Jesus 1. "Your father in heaven makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous." Matthew 5.45

Buddha 1. "That great cloud rains down on all whether their nature is superior or inferior. The light of the sun and the moon illuminates the whole world, both him who does well and him who does ill, both him who stands high and him who stands low." Sadharmapundarika Sutra 5 Here is what they say about the power of belief:

Jesus 1. Truly I tell you, if you have faith the size of a mustard seed, you will say to this mountain, 'Move from here to there,' and it will move; and nothing will be impossible for you."

Buddha 1. "A monk who is skilled in concentration can cut the Himalayas in two." I admire and embrace the integrity and character of these two Masters. Culturally speaking, I am in the Judeo-Christian Camp; however, I greatly admire the Teacher they called the Buddha. I suppose my martial arts background influences my respect and openness for Buddhism. We are evaluating a 2,000 year old story. A lot of time has passed. Maybe the entire thing should be written off as one Big Fairy Tale. The perplexing thing here is, that this religious stuff really helps people. I am talking about the power of belief and faith specifically in Traditional Religion. The Believers liver longer and are healthier then the cynics of the world. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20061229/ai_n17092223/

So you can laugh at these people all you want, but when it comes down to the action inherent in life, the Believers have been proven to be the happiest and healthiest, regardless of their beliefs. They do vary from culture to culture. Here again, I believe there is a lot of room for discussion and disagreement concerning these studies that promote traditional religion and happiness.

I honestly believe there are millions of very happy and healthy people in this world who don't have a clue about traditional religion.

The reason for this seemingly disparity is because the research data and researchers haven't been brought up to speed about the "new age", for lack of a better description.

But really, none of this is so important that you should feel angst about any of this. What counts above all else is your "actions". The Holy Books say without good deeds, in effect, it's all for naught anyway. This is what winning with wisdom is about, taking a giant step into the arena of life and giving it all you got.

About the Author
Writer and publisher of http://standgreat.blogspot.com/ and short story fiction.

The Lord Buddha's Noble Eightfold Path

2009-06-16T01:46:00.001-07:00

The Noble Eightfold Path

2009-06-16T01:44:00.000-07:00

The Noble Eightfold Path by Tony Ha

The Noble Eightfold Path also known in other languages and cultures as Sanskrit Ārya 'ṣṭāṅga mārgaḥ, Chinese Bāzhèngdào and Pāli Ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, is a Buddhist tradition taught by the Buddha Śākyamuni. According to instruction, this Path, which takes its place as the fourth part amidst the fundamental Buddhist teachings known as the Four Noble Truths, is supposed to guide followers along a road that ends suffering.
The Noble Eightfold Path in a nutshell is the Buddhists practical guide to end suffering or dukkha. If covers mental rehabilitation, ethics and mind de-conditioning, divided into eight elements that are subdivided into three main categories:

Wisdom (refers to the mental aspect) 1. Right understanding 2. Right intention

Ethical conduct 3. Right speech 4. Right action 5. Right livelihood

Mental discipline 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right concentration

Note these are not steps to follow, but a well-rounded process. In fact, the Buddhist symbol for the Noble Eightfold Path is a wheel with eight spokes that represent the path's eight elements.

The Noble Eightfold Path, if viewed in the light of modern cognitive psychology, would be compared to cognitive dissonance or the not getting along of two cognitions. In relation to this concept, some believe that Buddhism focuses around emotions, sensations, cognition and feelings. And Buddha focuses on emotional; desire-related or aversion-related, plus cognitive suffering causes; ignorance-related along with the idea that all things are not perfect, not satisfactory, not necessary.

If viewed in the light of psychology, the Noble Eightfold Path tries to repair differences by changing thought and behavior. Hence the first element of the path seeks the right understanding how the mind views the world in reality. And continuing, how through wisdom, this worldview interacts with thought, what controls actions.

Resources for learning more include:

-An essay entitled, "Buddhism Meets Western Science", by Gay Watson. -Bhikkhu Bodhi. The Noble Eightfold Path: The Way to the End of Suffering. -Harderwijk, Rudy. A View on Buddhism: Mind and Mental Factors -Kohn, Michael H.; tr. The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen. Boston: Shambhala, 1991. -Rahula, Walpola. What the Buddha Taught. New York: Grove Press, 1974. Niimi, J. Buddhism and Cognitive Science. -Snelling, John. The Buddhist Handbook: A Complete Guide to Buddhist Schools, Teaching, Practice, and History. Rochester: Inner Traditions, 1991. -Thanissaro Bhikkhu; tr. Magga-vibhanga Sutta: An Analysis of the Path.

About the Author
Tony Ha is a freelance writer who writes about buddhism. He tries to make buddhism plain and simple & he thinks about the noble eightfold path .

2009-06-04T01:29:00.001-07:00

2009-06-04T01:27:00.000-07:00

Buddhist Mindfulness Meditation Practices by Frank Rodriguez

Meditation is the process by which you can go beyond the conventional mind to a deeper and tranquil state and self awareness. Meditation inculcates the art of reigning in your mind and shifts it from multiple distractions to a point of singular focus. Meditation is one of the paths to be one with God and attain the ultimate spirituality with enlightenment. Buddhism highly specializes in meditation techniques. Buddhist meditation helps to attain ultimate eternal peace that each of us looks for in life and beyond. Various meditation techniques, such as mindfulness meditation are recommended for practice by several Buddhist texts. For thousand years these meditation techniques got refined and expanded to reach perfection. Concentration, mindfulness and tranquility are developed with meditation.
Buddhist meditation is followed by both Buddhists and non-Buddhists. According to Buddhism philosophy, meditation is the road to attain enlightenment and nirvana.

Non- Buddhists follow the meditation techniques for well being, healthy life and non religious purposes. For various aberrations of human mind, even medical science has adopted to these meditation techniques.

These meditation protocols have been adopted all over the world for well being, health and spiritual reasons. These techniques are free from authoritative rein and due to this they are widely accepted.

According to thervada order there are ninety meditation techniques to develop concentration. Similraly Tibetan order has different methods which increases vionary approach of the mind.

As per Pali Canon School of Buddhism, the eight fold path preached by Buddha leads to the world of meditation which in turn develops the correct view, focus and concentration.

Buddhism has various inferences knows as suttas. One of the famous sutta is Sattipathana sutta. According to this sutta, Buddha has laid out four basic foundations in order to attain mindfulness. The first one is 'body' also known as 'kaya'. Kaya consists of breathing, clear comprehending, postures, repulsiveness of body, reflections on material elements; contemplations regarding to the cemetery. The second one is 'feelings' also known as 'vedana'. The third one is 'mind' known as 'citta'. The fourth one is 'mental contents' known as 'dhamma'. Dhamma is further divided into aggregates, hindrances,sense-bases, factors of enlightenment and the noble truths.

Buddha doctrine states that the two qualities of the mind, serenity and insight are attained through meditation. They are known as the 'swift messengers of nibbana'.

There are forty methods of meditation that Buddha has preached. These methods of meditation develop concentration and consciousness. Buddha also advised to choose the method of meditation as per the requirement of the individual needs and individual mental frame. Guidance is necessary to learn meditation from a knowledgeable person.

Buddhist meditation methods have also included the best practices from other orders like Zongmi typology. Zongmi typology has been framed by the Chinese and others. As per them, all meditation methods look the same externally, but, they differ in motive and purpose internally. The best known technique, mindfulness meditation is a widely practiced type of meditation. The five types of meditative techniques are Ordinary, Outside Way, Small Vehicle, Great Vehicle and Supreme Vehicle.

Kamalashila is the famous teacher of the western Buddhist order. According to him, the five fundamental techniques of meditation are contemplation of impermanence, metta bhavana including all four Brahma-viharas, mindfulness of breathing, six element practice and contemplation of conditionality.

The Buddhist meditation practices are widely varied to suit individual preference and needs. You can choose the practice most relevant to your needs and practice them to attain good health, well being and spirituality.

About the Author
You can find more detail as it relates to meditation types and techniques at the site. Everything from meditation for beginners to more advanced techniques are covered.

2009-05-22T02:39:00.000-07:00

2009-05-22T02:34:00.000-07:00

Buddhas' Fourth Noble Truth by Janis Mclellan

For those of you who have been following along in this guide to the four noble truths of the Buddha you now know that life is filled with suffering, that suffering comes from being attached to things and that there is a way to end suffering. The fourth and final noble truth is the path to the end of suffering. Thats right there is a path that anyone can follow to end all of our suffering, it is a gradual path of self-improvement, with the ultimate goal to reach nirvana, which most people are trying to do consciously or unconsciously. In order to move this process along we can follow the details as they are described in the Eightfold Path. It is the middle way between the two extremes of excessive self-indulgence (hedonism) and excessive self-mortification (asceticism). Eventually it will lead us to the end of the cycle of rebirth and to Nirvana, but for now we must be conscious of our behavior and work towards bettering humanity. The difference between improving yourself on a small scale and following the Eightfold Path is that when you do it by yourself you run the risk of "wandering on the wheel of becoming", because there is no final objective you can become lost or confused. The path to the end of suffering can be extended over many lifetimes, throughout which every individual rebirth is subject to certain karmic conditioning. Essentially we are starting over each time we are reborn we can fall trapped in the cycle by craving, ignorance and delusions. Its effects will disappear gradually as long as we remain conscious to the process and learn from our mistakes, then progress can be made on the path. It will take a long time there is no doubt about that, but the ultimate end to suffering can be found buy following the Buddhas' Eightfold to enlightenment. The path is gradual but thought many lifetimes of gradual self-improvement.

About the Author
Janis resides in western Canada, she studies the Buddhist religion and practices reiki healing. Janis loves making Buddhist t-shirts, gifts and apparel to spread the knowledge of enlightenment. All of the images used on the products are hand drawn with high quality graphics and historical accuracy a priority. Visit her website at http://buddhistbackground.blogspot.com

2009-05-22T02:30:00.000-07:00

Buddhas' Third Noble Truth by Janis Mclellan

For those of you who know the noble truths taught by the Buddha, you already know that to live is to suffer and that the good things in life must be taken in context and not for granted. The good news is that the Third Noble Truth is that the end of suffering is attainable. The end (cessation) of suffering can be attained through something called nirodha. Nirodha means the unmaking of sensual craving and conceptual attachment, in other words it means that to stop our suffering we must first let go of our attachments. Which is easier said than done, because right now we are attached to everything and everyone around us! We must remember that when we pass on we will not be able to take anything with us, we must let go of everything but our minds. The third noble truth is an expression of the idea that suffering can be ended by attaining dispassion or letting go living in the moment with peace. Nirodha extinguishes all forms of clinging and attachment, from the cloths we wear to the people we love. This means that suffering can be overcome through human activity, simply by removing the cause of suffering. This does not mean to only do things that feel good because you will inevitably suffer again when the pleasure wares off. Attaining and perfecting dispassion is a process of many levels, including meditation and deep thought, that ultimately results in the state of Nirvana. Nirvana is a state of freedom from all worries, troubles, complexes, fabrications and ideas. Nirvana is not comprehensible for those who have not attained it, but that does not mean that it is not impossible to reach this state with lots of time, practice, patience and following the teachings of the Buddha.

About the Author
Janis resides in western Canada, she studies the Buddhist religion and practices reiki healing. Janis loves making Buddhist t-shirts, gifts and apparel to spread the knowledge of enlightenment. All of the images used on the products are hand drawn with high quality graphics and historical accuracy a priority. Visit her website at http://buddhistbackground.blogspot.com

2009-05-22T01:57:00.000-07:00

2009-05-22T01:54:00.001-07:00

Buddhas' Second Nobel Truth by Janis Mclellan

Buddha's Second Noble truth is that the root of all suffering is attachment, which means that from the day we are born we are suffering. There is not one person on this planet that can say that they are not attached to something. First it is our mother who gives us food and warmth, then as we grow we become accustom to different things, not only physical but emotional and spiritual as well, in other words we become attached to all of the objects that our mind perceives.
As humans we have genetic dispositions that allow us to desire anything that brings pleasure, things as simple as a song that we liked, a gift someone gave to us for our birthday or a religious belief we were taught as a child, or it can be as complicated as believing we have our whole lives ahead of us. Our suffering is inevitable the only way to not suffer is to over come it, but pleasure is deceiving because we allow ourselves to believe that in order to be happy we need a home, family, nice car, a good job and so on. The need for these things means that we have become attached to transient things and with that comes ignorance.
Ignorance is the lack of understanding of how our mind is attached to impermanent things. The reasons for suffering are desire, passion, pursuit of wealth and prestige, striving for fame and popularity, or as modern Buddhist will say humans suffer because of craving and clinging. The objects of our attachment are transient, their loss is inevitable when we die we will lose our family, or home, and our thoughts, and then suffering will necessarily follow. It is inescapable.
Another common object of attachment is the idea of a "self" which is a major delusion, because there is no such thing as an abiding self. The thing we call "self" is just an imagined entity a mass of cells and electrical currents. We are merely a part of the ceaseless becoming of the universe. It is naive of us to say that we are more than just a collection of matter that will continue to erode the same way the earth does.
Throughout our short life on this earth we become attached to all of the objects that our mind perceives, which is everything. Think of it as if we are born into a video game that we cannot turn off until we die. We must free our minds of attachment and let go of everything. Live with compassion, patience, tolerance and trust that there is and end to this life.

About the Author
Janis resides in western Canada, she studies the Buddhist religion and practices reiki healing. Janis loves making Buddhist t-shirts, gifts and apparel to spread the knowledge of enlightenment. All of the images used on the products are hand drawn with high quality graphics and historical accuracy a priority. Visit her website at http://buddhistbackground.blogspot.com

2009-05-22T01:51:00.001-07:00

Buddhas' First Nobel Truth by Janis Mclellan

The word Dhukka suffering. In The Buddhas' teachings he taught the Four Noble Truths, The first of the Noble truths is that Life is suffering. Buddha spoke of how to live is to suffer in countless forms of pain, anguish, fear, and physical torments,as well as psychological maladies and emotional discomforts. There is no way to over come the outer causes of suffering but we can over come our internal suffering by following the Buddhas' teachings. The main reasons for the suffering in the world is the nature of incarnate life, it is not perfect and neither is the planet we live on. During all of our lives, we will be unable to avoid physical suffering like bodily pain, sicknesses, injuries, fatigue, old age, and eventually death. There are all kinds disagreeable psychological forms of Suffering, including Sadness, Fear, Frustration, Disappointment, and Depression, that we all must endure.
Every unpleasant experience we have in this life time has an equal and pleasurable reaction. All the different levels of Dhukka will pass and be replaced by pleasurable experiences while we are still living. We generally like to think of suffering as the opposite of pleasure, but in fact it is the opposite.
Ease, Comfort and Happiness, are thought of as being the opposite extreme to displeasure. Life is complex but in order to make it tolerable for the masses there must be ease and pleasure to look forward to. Complexity is simply imperfect and incomplete, because humans, plants and every living being in this world are subject to impermanence, there is a means to an end.
Impermanence means that we will never be able to keep permanent hold of the things that we strive for, including our homes, cloths and jobs. Even though we are able to enjoy pleasurable moments, sadness and reality of misfortune to come are always looming. Eventually we ourselves and our loved ones will have to pass on and leave this body and life behind.
Suffering is the first noble truth. We must come to terms with this reality, learn from our misfortunes and let them pass. Every experience we have in this life is an opportunity to take wisdom with us as we pass through on our journey to enlightenment.

About the Author
Janis resides in western Canada, she studies the Buddhist religion and practices reiki healing. Janis loves making Buddhist t-shirts, gifts and apparel to spread the knowledge of enlightenment. All of the images used on the products are hand drawn with high quality graphics and historical accuracy a priority. Visit her website at http://buddhistbackground.blogspot.com

Buddha's Enlightenment

2009-04-07T18:58:00.000-07:00

2009-04-07T18:48:00.000-07:00

Diamonds, Godliness - Buddha, 3 Wise Men, Socrates, Aristotle. And Us?

By : Derek Dashwood

The fascinating matter of placing known dates on famous people, and if they are placed in order, you know that the latter person was influenced by the thoughts of the earlier. So for this we will pursue the likely source of the biblical three wise men from the east, and how in their searches and speaking of the wisdom of Buddha, of love and peace and respect for all to achieve a good death and achieve bliss on the way to Nirvana, Heaven, and be with divinity forever. Gautama Buddha (560-480 B.C.E.)was born into the second highest caste of five castes.

Buddha was born into the caste of the warriors in the 5,000 year old Hindu religion. In modern times it has still been difficult for India to mature above this placing of those who may enter heaven by their caste. First, usually lightest skin court members were the Brahmin, first in line to enter heaven. And down past warriors, needed for protection, civil servants to organize, and at the bottom, of course, were the darkest skin in real life and religion, the Untouchables, destined, as were their children, to be toilet detail for eternity, through many reincarnations from monkey to cow again.

Buddha rejected all this, and his democratic group evolved, as did the realization of Gautama, there were eight paths to bliss, which science now has shown. The route to transform coal eyes to diamonds were, and this is modern science speaking, oh so close to dear wise Buddha. These are: count your blessings, do acts of kindness daily, savor the joys of life, thank a mentor, learn to forgive, ask for forgiveness, stay close to family and friends, take care of your body, develop strategies to cope with stress and hardship.

I also meditate and pray to God, or Allah, and all that was known to Socrates as followers of Buddha had arrived in Greece by 520 B.C.E. They must surely have continued, those three wise men, to look into the eyes of enough fur skinned cave types around Athens, found their diamond eyes, and helped jump start Athens from hunters and wolves, to such greatness, in such a short time. If you find better evidence, let us know. Socrates lived between 469 to 399 B.C.E. and he was with Aristotle and Plato and a few other students to attend to Socrates through to his death.

Aristotle was teacher to Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.E.), who in his conquest of Egypt risked his life by going alone into the western desert of Egypt. While his men built the mightiest city in the world, a greater Athens, his Alexandria port city to flow tropical never ending food produce to Greece, Alexander went west on his horse in search of a fabled holy man. He almost died, but found this man at an oasis, all alone, meditating, content. Figs and dates fell from the trees, the fresh water oasis was pure, he had found his promised land.

And to now, that area is the worst baked desert on earth, and just inland is the hellish Quattara Depression. The real promised land. If no fresh water was allowed to reach the salty sea, and was diverted on a garden of Eden canal over to that waste depression, put theJews down in there, reverse enough of the Nile that a well planned flood comes over a hydro dam, and settlers farm and move their way gradually up the slopes over the next century. No Biblical Flood, a man made one, providing hydro for a century, until the settlers have to resettle, again, all around Lake Quattara, in a crescent shaped new promised land.

At the end of a century, science says, the filling fresh water lake in the desert will need a garden of Eden channel dug to the sea, unless, we and thee, or our wise great grand children three, slap that extra fresh water so none ever gets to the sea. Garden of Eden, wide open spaces, leave the old place to the wailers, build a new one over here. Less wailing, more joy. Oh boy. How many lifetimes before red and black ants, all more holy than any other, kill each other, mad brother and brother. Yet off to the west, always the empty west, go there young young, give it a rest. Give wisdom and peace a chance. Would be an about turn, that is true. About bloody time.
Author Resource:- Derek Dashwood enjoys the combining of science into the humanities to measure politics and use and wise use of power and how it is shown at
It's Her Diamond,Let Her Pick!

Article From 1Article World

How to meditate

2009-03-30T00:25:00.001-07:00

2009-03-26T18:18:00.001-07:00

Turning the Wheel of Dharma by Janis Mclellan

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pluggedIt took Buddha a whole lifetime to discover and refine the secrets to enlightenment, but a meager forty-nine days after reaching enlightenment he was asked to teach all he had learned. Buddha rose without question from his deep meditation to help the monks in there quest for knowledge. The lesson Buddha taught when he rose from meditation was first the wheel of Dharma. Among these teachings of the first wheel of Dharma is the sutra of the four noble truths... 1. This is suffering, 2. The causes of suffering, 3. Suffering can end, nirvana is peace, 4. The true path or eight-fold noble path. These truths must be realized and accepted in order to move on to the next stage. This is also the source of the Hinayana known as the lesser vehicle of Buddhism. The second wheel of Dharma teaches us the perfection of wisdom sutra, which is a profound saying paying homage to the holy Perfection of Wisdom! The third sutra or wheel of Dharma is about discriminating the intention, it is a long conversation about abandoning our self-cherishing personalities and cherishing only others we can begin to experience true peace and happiness.. These two wheels of Dharma make up the Mahayana, or the great vehicle of Buddhism. The Hinayana teaches us how we can attain liberation from suffering for ourselves, no one can do it for you and it is not for you to force anyone else to follow Buddha's teachings. Wisdom is the end to suffering. In Buddhism wisdom can refer to conventional and ultimate wisdom, these cannot be forced on anyone who does not accept it into their hearts. The Mahayana teaching explains the way to reach full enlightenment or Buddhahood as it is sometimes called for the sake of others. In Asia, where the Buddha grew and learned both the Hinayana and Mahayana traditions flourished. It started in India and then over time spread in to other surrounding countries like Tibet. Gradually these teachings are spreading in to the west.

About the Author
Janis studies the Buddhist religon and practices reiki healing. Janis loves making Buddhist t-shirts, gifts and apparel to spread the knowledge of enlightenment. All of the images used on the products are hand drawn with high quality graphics and historical accuracy a priority. Visit her website at http://www.buddhismtshirts.com.

2009-03-25T02:08:00.001-07:00

2009-03-25T02:07:00.001-07:00

You Will Be Fascinated By The History Of Buddha by Mike Selvon

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pluggedIf you were to ask people what they would wish for most, most would likely say happiness. At least that is what the majority of people seek out subconsciously. Sure, they may ask for riches or fame but the real desire internally is to be happy. If given a choice, many would also like to avoid any suffering or pain of any kind.
That is what the Buddhist teachings tell people. But the more that people work at getting a better job or trying to improve their external life, the more pain and suffering they bring down upon themselves. The Buddhist religion owes all of its credos to Buddha and the history of Buddha is fascinating.

The history of Buddha all began thousands of years ago with a prince named Siddhartha. Siddhartha was protected from the outside world by his King father. The father did not want his son exposed to the harsh facts of life.

But all of this changed when Siddhartha witnessed the "Four Sights." He came into contact with an elderly man, a diseased man, a decaying corpse and a holy man. This influenced Siddhartha to seek out a way to end human suffering and disease.

Buddhist studies teach that Siddhartha went on a spiritual journey. He spent forty-nine days in a state of meditation to discover enlightenment on ways to end human suffering and torment. His meditation retreat showed him the path to enlightenment and from that moment on he became the Buddha. The Buddhist practice began to spread as Buddha wanted more people to find happiness and joy in their lives, while also improving the lives of those around them.

In today's Buddhist practice, those philosophies and steps are still going strong. Books on Buddhism abound as more people want to begin finding peace and tranquility in themselves rather than their external surroundings. By improving on their own inner peace it is said to lead to people helping others end their suffering. It is a very noble cause and the spirituality Buddhism represents has many Western people turning to the religion Buddhism.

Learning the history of Buddha is just the beginning of a journey along a wonderful path filled with peace and tranquility. Millions of people in the world today embrace the Buddhist studies and have found that they are much happier than they were before. You do not have to become a Buddhist, yet you can still gain fulfillment by utilizing some of the practices, such as meditation.

About the Author
Learn more about the history of buddha at Mike Selvon portal. While you are there leave us a comment at our teachings of buddhism blog, and receive your FREE gift.

2009-03-25T01:23:00.001-07:00

2009-03-25T01:22:00.001-07:00

Buddhism the Practical Religion by Pablo Antuna

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pluggedThe teaching of the Buddha was essentially practical. This statement may seem paradoxical to the reader who has some acquaintance with the Buddhist scriptures and he will exclaim that of all religious books they are the least practical and least popular: they set up an anti-social ideal and are mainly occupied with psychological theories. But the Buddha addressed a public such as we now find it hard even to imagine. In those days the intellectual classes of India felt the ordinary activities of life to be unsatisfying: they thought it natural to renounce the world and mortify the flesh: divergent systems of ritual, theology and self-denial promised happiness but all agreed in thinking it normal as well as laudable that a man should devote his life to meditation and study.
Compared with this frame of mind the teaching of the Buddha is not unsocial, unpractical and mysterious but human, business-like and clear. We are inclined to see in the monastic life which he recommended little but a useless sacrifice but it is evident that in the opinion of his contemporaries his disciples had an easy time, and that he had no intention of prescribing any cramped or unnatural existence. He accepted the current conviction that those who devote themselves to the things of the mind and spirit should be released from worldly ties and abstain from luxury but he meant his monks to live a life of sustained intellectual activity for themselves and of benevolence for others.

His teaching is formulated in severe and technical phraseology, yet the substance of it is so simple that many have criticized it as too obvious and jejune to be the basis of a religion. But when he first enunciated his theses some two thousand five hundred years ago, they were not obvious but revolutionary and little less than paradoxical.

About the Author
To learn more about Buddhist teachings and beliefs, you might be interested in my FREE E-EBOOK Buddhism for the Non-Buddhist Layman

You will also find many free articles about Buddhist teachings, beliefs and practices in my site: Buddhism Through Buddhist Eyes

2009-03-19T19:34:00.000-07:00

2009-03-19T19:28:00.001-07:00

Mindfulness Meditation Technique by Arlene Myers

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A meditation technique where one focuses on the field or background and embrace all the perception around that field is called Mindfulness Meditation. It is in contrast to another meditation technique called concentration meditation, where one channels all the energy and focus on one specific object or subject, blocking all distractions around. In mindfulness meditation, the meditator is trained to have an open focus of all the inter-related senses coming from the immediate environment while concentrating on a unifying object or a foundation from which to channel all the other senses that is being absorbed or experienced.
For instance, a person using mindfulness meditation can focus on his or her breathing, while at the same time incorporating other senses around him or her, like the sound of leaves on swaying tree branches nearby, a faint music playing, or the perception of movements from other people from a distance. The meditator incorporates his or her breathing in harmony with these surrounding senses.

In concentration meditation, the meditator holds attention on a single specific focus of thought, which could be a prayer bead, or a thought-based anchor for concentration like a mantra or repetitive prayer.

There is no argument on which of the techniques is better. Those who have developed a higher level of concentration also shift easily between mindfulness meditation to concentration meditation or vice versa in a single meditative session.

While concentration meditation trains the mind to withdraw all attachment beyond the self to develop full self-awareness, mindfulness meditation encourages the mind to recognize elements beyond the self to be able to know the whole self as a constitution of all the other elements.

Instead of being distracted, the meditator should acknowledge the existence of things beyond the self and incorporate it in harmony with the awareness of existence at that particular time and space to get a holistic perception of self.

Mindfulness meditation has a similar concept in the religion Buddhism, which also gives high importance on the practice of meditation to achieve self awareness and clarity of the mind. This is the Buddhism meditation technique called Vippasana, which advocates for various mind practices for the purpose of developing insights and general wisdom by seeing the true nature of the self along with the true nature of the surrounding realities. This is in contrast to the technique Shamatha, which develops one's ability to focus the attention on a single point, unobstructed other realities beyond that point. This is the counterpart of concentration meditation.

In the western forms of meditation, there are concentration techniques devoid of any mystical or rigid religious beliefs. Still, mindfulness meditation finds it way in many of the modern schools of meditation, particularly in yoga, which promotes peace of mind by suspending realities filled with worries and fears, cleansing the mental state by invigorating mental relaxations and absorbing fresh perceptions like mind control, free will, and the presence of guidance and protection from a higher source.

Absorbing these positive states of mind requires mindfulness meditation, as it recognizes surrounding elements that are helpful in developing a healthier and renewed perception of the self.

http://www.yourbestmeditation.com

About the Author
Enjoy peace and tranquility amidst the urban jungle that is the city through meditation

2009-03-18T03:53:00.001-07:00

2009-03-14T23:39:00.000-07:00

2009-03-11T18:22:00.001-07:00

The Real Essence of Buddhist Meditation by Lucile Taylor

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pluggedIs Buddhist meditation a religion in itself or simply a mind exercise like most others? While Buddhist meditation is not a religion, it is inspired by the goals of the Buddhism religion. After all, the human mind is the heart of the Buddhist teaching.
The Dhamma, or the teaching of the Buddha, is probably the most misunderstood among all other religions. The Buddha is also being likened to God and people have considered the Buddhist meditation as a hypnotic method to flee from the real world.

There are eight noble truths involve in Buddhism. The first noble truth is the dukkha, a Pali word which means the unpleasant experiences like worry, pain, sorrow, fear, etc. The second noble truth points out that dukkha are the consequence of desire and craving. The third noble truth says that dukkha can be resolved, while the fourth noble truth tells us the means by which the third noble truth can be achieved.

Buddhism, through the fourth noble truth is then closely linked to Buddhist meditation. It was transformed into a method or discipline of releasing people from the bondage of negative feelings and enhancing the nature of human life. This part of the Dhamma is known as the Noble Eightfold Path, which encompasses lessons that can influence the personal and social aspect of one's life.

It may be understood therefore that the cause of everyone's agony is psychological. Logic would tell us that the cure would be psychological as well. Thus, Buddhism designed mind exercises called the Buddhist meditation, aimed to cure these psychological problems. However, the Buddhist meditation is often confused with other practices that that claim to have possessed powers after engaging in meditation, which is totally in contrast to the Eightfold Path.

Some people view meditation, Buddhist meditation included, as a higher state of the pious life. That meditation is a step towards sainthood or being a holy person. Meditation is not an act of converting a sinner to have a deeper commitment to his religion. But it is just a good instrument to free oneself from the clutter that fills the mind in order to have a more serene life.

The goals of Buddhist meditation do not differ much from the other methods of meditation. Specifically though, Buddhist meditation aims to get rid of the dukkha and attain Nibbana. According to many Buddhist meditation practitioners, Nibbana is too difficult to put into words. But they describe it as the highest point of moral and psychological maturation.

Since Buddhist meditation, like any other technique, is a personal experience which brings about self-fulfillment, it must be practiced according to one's conviction and faith that enlightenment and bliss are attainable.

Get more information about Motivational and NLP Hypnosis at AllContent.com.

About the Author
Lucile Taylor is a contributor for AllContent.com. She is an expert in Addictions and Anger Management advice.

2009-03-11T17:53:00.001-07:00

Antique Religion - Buddha Said Heaven Welcomes All Pure and Good
By: Derek Dashwood

Gautama Buddha (560-480 B.C.E.)was born a prince in the Sakya or warrior caste, the second highest in the Hindu faith of India. His mother died when he was young and the boy was brought in luxury with servants in a palace.

When Gautama was 29 and just after the birth of his son he felt the need to leave and felt great sorrow at leaving his family. He wandered across the fertile Ganges plains to the tree covered hills of Vindhya hills where he lived for six years.

Here Buddha practiced the usual ways of the ascetic then common among holy men in India. He shaved his head and beard, put on the yellow robes and tortured his body with long fasts and every known form of physical mortification.

He became known as a pure man yet the truth seemed to escape him until he awoke from a fainting fit from hunger he awoke as light came like a flash to his mind.

All the fasting, the suppression and control of the breath, the fasting were leading him to enfeeblement of mind and body. To reach unclouded reason, flawless thinking, surveying the processes of thought, acquire clarity of vision and unadulterated experience, a person must have proper food and lead a healthy life.

Buddha was thrilled by his discovery but his disciples were so shocked that their master would turn away from constant suffering and all left him. The day that followed has been said to be one of those defining moments in history.

Left to himself Gautama walked the forests in now Bihar and sat by the banks of the River Neranjara where he sat under a wild fig tree. Here a lady presented him with a dish of milk which invigorated him.

And it is said there, after his ranging through every emotion known to humanity from blackest despair to sublime hope. Gautama found at last the peace and certainty he sought. Truth was revealed to him and he became the Buddha, the Enlightened One.

Followers became drawn to him from the great and ancient Hindu religion, which caused consternation among the ruling courts. The caste system which Buddha rejected held that all were born into one of five levels of caste, with the ruling court on top.

Next were the warrior caste to protect the court, then down to merchants who were needed for trade and wealth, the higher skilled laborer, and at the bottom the Untouchables. They were all stuck in their positions for life, an Untouchable could never work his way up into court. This is changing now in modern India finally.

Buddhism exported better in other nearby lands, where the gentle teachings allowed all to reach heaven, or Nirvana by living pure lives and forgoing excess. Buddha has long since taken on more oriental eyes and the fat belly in south east Asia, Japan and again now in China.

It seems the feeling of empty lives is driving young affluent coastal Chinese to be meditating in city parks and the authorities are so far able to realize this is not threat.

People are reporting happier lives and feeling more calm. What came to the West in a faddish wave in the 1960 era and has shown evidence of reducing high blood pressure and many calming effects. Good news circles the world in way and waves that can be very good news.

We will carry these thoughts into further articles that had Gautama be the first to break through the Hindu anger about his greater freedom to a rather court style Nirvana that was not sure Untouchables were ever going to more than the septic brigade.

Buddha overlapped their eight steps which might have you become a cow or monkey on your steps through reincarnation. He added a fast track that anyone could choose to make it to Nirvana or Eternal Bliss or Heaven in this life if one lived a pure life and learned the four basic truths.

2009-03-10T21:36:00.001-07:00

Wonderful Thailand - Land of Lush Wonder by john@johnhacking.com

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pluggedThailand has an area of about 511,770 square km, which makes it not quite as large as the American state of Texas. About sixty one million people live there, which is nearly three times as many as the population of Australia.
The People of Thailand The first people in the region of Thailand were Negritos, a Negroid pygmy people. The Negritos became mixed with invading Mongols and tribes from China to produce the modern race of Siamese. There are two main groups in the population, the true Thai and the Lao. Thailanders are rather short, but well built. They have brownish skin and straight black hair.

Thailanders are an independent and courageous people, and there are no caste divisions in Thailand. All the people, including the women, have equal rights. Thailand is a very musical country, although its music sometimes sounds strange to Western ears, and the people are artistic dancers.

Education in Thailand is provided mainly by the Thai government through the Ministry of Education. A free basic education of 12 is guaranteed by the Thai constitution, and a minimum of nine yearsâ€™ school attendance is mandatory.

Thailanders are noted for their artistic abilities, ranging from the making of jewelry to the architecture of the beautiful Buddhist temples. There are many religious festivals in Thailand, with colorful costumes and ceremonies.

The people speak the Siamese language, which is a member of the Indochinese family of languages. Religion plays a very important role in Thai life. Religion is considered an essential pillar of society, it is not only the major moral force of Thai family and community but has also contributed to the molding of freedom loving, individualistic, and tolerant people for many centuries.

Theravada or Hinayana Buddhism is the national religion of Thailand, but there is total religious freedom and all major religions can be found in practice. There is absolute freedom of religion - Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and other faiths are practiced and protected by the constitution. Buddhism is the faith of 95 percent of the population, 4 percent are Muslims, 0.5 percent and Christians, and the remainder Hindus, Sikhs and other religion.

Despite the fact that Buddhism is the faith of majority, both the king and the government uphold and support all the religions accepted by the people. Amidst rich diversity of beliefs, until recently people of Thailand have always lived together in peace and harmony.

How they Live Thailand is largely a nation of farmers, fishermen, and lumbermen. The principal foods of the people are rice and fish. Nearly all of the farm land is planted with rice. In addition to the large quantities eaten by the people, Thailand exports a large quantity of rice as well as electronic products. Other farm crops include cotton, sugar cane, tobacco, corn, soybeans, peanuts, and sesame seeds. The rivers of Thailand are full of fish, and large catches also are made in the Gulf of Thailand (previously the Gulf of Siam). Much of Thailandâ€™s wonderful food contains seafood dishes.

Three-quarters of Thailand is covered with forests from which come the countryâ€™s famous teakwood, as well as bamboo, ebony, rosewood, boxwood, and Palmyra palm. The forests provide important quantities of lac (a resin deposited on trees by the lac insect) , rubber, oils, dyes. and tanning bark.

Thailand has large and varied mineral resources, the most important of which are tin, wolfram ore, coal, copper, antimony, gold, iron, manganese, molybdenum, silver, lead, gypsum, and lignite. There is a growing hi-tech economy and foreign countries have been encouraged to build factories there for the production of chemicals, textiles, and other goods.

About the Author
If you are looking for great value Thailand holiday packages visit escapetravel.com.au. Escape travel has a fantastic range of holiday packages for all tastes and budgets. ET151208-1

2009-03-10T12:47:00.001-07:00

Buddhas' First Nobel Truth by Janis Mclellan

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pluggedThe word Dhukka suffering. In The Buddhas' teachings he taught the Four Noble Truths, The first of the Noble truths is that Life is suffering. Buddha spoke of how to live is to suffer in countless forms of pain, anguish, fear, and physical torments,as well as psychological maladies and emotional discomforts. There is no way to over come the outer causes of suffering but we can over come our internal suffering by following the Buddhas' teachings. The main reasons for the suffering in the world is the nature of incarnate life, it is not perfect and neither is the planet we live on. During all of our lives, we will be unable to avoid physical suffering like bodily pain, sicknesses, injuries, fatigue, old age, and eventually death. There are all kinds disagreeable psychological forms of Suffering, including Sadness, Fear, Frustration, Disappointment, and Depression, that we all must endure.
Every unpleasant experience we have in this life time has an equal and pleasurable reaction. All the different levels of Dhukka will pass and be replaced by pleasurable experiences while we are still living. We generally like to think of suffering as the opposite of pleasure, but in fact it is the opposite.

Ease, Comfort and Happiness, are thought of as being the opposite extreme to displeasure. Life is complex but in order to make it tolerable for the masses there must be ease and pleasure to look forward to. Complexity is simply imperfect and incomplete, because humans, plants and every living being in this world are subject to impermanence, there is a means to an end.

Impermanence means that we will never be able to keep permanent hold of the things that we strive for, including our homes, cloths and jobs. Even though we are able to enjoy pleasurable moments, sadness and reality of misfortune to come are always looming. Eventually we ourselves and our loved ones will have to pass on and leave this body and life behind.

Suffering is the first noble truth. We must come to terms with this reality, learn from our misfortunes and let them pass. Every experience we have in this life is an opportunity to take wisdom with us as we pass through on our journey to enlightenment.

About the Author
Janis resides in western Canada, she studies the Buddhist religion and practices reiki healing. Janis loves making Buddhist t-shirts, gifts and apparel to spread the knowledge of enlightenment. All of the images used on the products are hand drawn with high quality graphics and historical accuracy a priority. Visit her website at http://buddhistbackground.blogspot.com

2009-03-01T01:19:00.001-08:00

Using Different Meditation Supplies To Create A Great Meditation Room by Bercle George

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pluggedEverybody must consider learning one of the greatest skills in providing peace of mind, relaxation and elevating one's self, meditation. This could help them achieve a peaceful state and develop a more pleasant mind. Those people who are more serious about their meditations should designate a room for their practice. This room should give them a sense of calmness and peacefulness so that they could stick with their practice.
To make a room achieve a true meditating environment, set it up using various meditation supplies. This could add enhancement to the room and make it very special.

o Cushions. Most people sit on the floor to do their meditation practice. However, many houses have hard cemented floors which are not always a better idea. It is advisable to use meditations cushions. These cushions are similar to throw pillows with a softened padding. Sitting impacts are minimized especially during an extended meditation practice.

As much as possible, purchase several cushions. This is important in case you are considering a group session in the future. Meditating for over fifteen minutes can cause muscle strain on the lower part of your body due to prolonged sitting.

o Incense. This is an amazing meditation supply that can help people feel relaxed during their meditation practice. They can buy incense from various quality Middle Eastern or Asian supermarkets. Before buying a box of incense, try a single stick first and see its effects. These supermarkets always have samples. Simply ask the help of a supermarket attendant.

o A small table for prayer. Setting up the room similar to other countries like India, Thailand, or Japan can be done. People can put the incense and other essential meditation artifacts on the prayer table. Images of Buddha or God can be also placed to aid them during meditation. Unreligious individuals can put their family photos with little incense holders on both sides.

o CD player. This great tool can help people achieve a true meditation state because of meditation music such as Baroque meditation music which helps in influencing the feelings of people. Most people really find it difficult to achieve a state of calmness when starting out with their meditation practice.

o Seven candles. Most house lightings today are harsh such as florescent or incandescent lights. Under these lights, people can find it very hard to meditate even when their eyes are closed. It is recommended to meditate under the light of seven candles. These candles must be placed on the prayer tables with varying heights.

o Peaceful photos and pictures. These are reminders for people why they are meditating. A true sense of tranquility and peace can be achieved upon entering the room. Other pictures can include animals or nature like sceneries from a flowing brook, a rainforest, or a calm ocean.

o A vase with flowers. Fresh flowers are good accents in meditation rooms. Nothing is more calming and relaxing than smelling the scents of newly cut flowers. Unique fragrance coming from fresh flowers and incense can entice the mind in achieving a state of calm.

Discontinuing any meditation practice can never lead to a successful mastery of the art itself. Each time the individuals restart, they will again go back to zero. But if a great meditation room is created, then this problem is minimized.

About the Author
For more information on meditation, stress relief & more - visit http://www.meditation--guide.com/

2008-11-11T00:58:00.001-08:00

Do You Know The History Of Buddhism? by Mike Selvon

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pluggedThe story about Buddhism and how it came to be all started long ago with a king named Suddhodana. It was his son, Siddhartha, who would later in life become the Buddha. Yes, some of the stories you find on the internet and in books are often fantastical in its nature.
It is a unique blend of fairytale and fact in the Buddhist teachings that can be found today. There is quite a lot more to Buddhism than just having a big Buddha statue sitting on your desk as a decoration. It is a great piece of history and millions of believers follow the teachings of Buddhism.

A prediction was made by a holy man regarding Siddhartha. The holy man prophesized that the young prince would either grow up to become a great ruler or he would become a wise holy man. The king was obviously dismayed that his son might abdicate his princely life and so tried to shelter the young man from the outside world.

Unfortunately for Suddhodana, this did not stop the outside world from coming into contact with his son. At the age of 29, Siddhartha came into contact with what is now known as the "Four Sights." He came across an elderly man, a corpse, a diseased man and a holy man. This gave him a glimpse into the sufferings of mankind and Siddhartha was so moved that he abandoned his princely throne to become a holy man himself.

The true path, when learning about Buddhism, is what Siddhartha found. The path to enlightenment, or Bodhi, can be found through the use of meditation. His previous attempts included fasting and enduring pain.

It is a good thing for Buddhists everywhere that they do not have to use these methods in order to find enlightenment. The Buddhist teachings are ones of gentleness and concentration upon meditation.

Siddhartha's meditation retreat came in the form of meditating beneath a tree outside of a village for forty-nine days. It was during these forty-nine days that he attained enlightenment and could begin teaching his findings to the rest of the world.

From this point on, Siddhartha became known as Buddha. Buddhist studies teach followers that the true path to ending human suffering in this world is to follow a strict path set forth by the Buddha. It involves ritualized chants and meditations to alleviate the conflicts that plague humanity.

If you are interested in learning more about Buddhism and the principles that make up this religion and philosophy, then there are many websites and centers that you can turn to for information. Perhaps the Buddhist practice will become one that you wish to follow in your pursuit of higher endeavors. You can visit "Buddhism About" for more information.

About the Author
Learn more about buddhism at Mike Selvon portal. While you are there leave us a comment at our teachings of buddhism blog, and receive your FREE gift.

2008-11-09T05:30:00.001-08:00

Practising Buddhism Brings About Many Benefits by Mike Selvon

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pluggedMillions of people follow Buddhist studies but there are still many people in the Western culture that are unfamiliar with Buddhism. It is a religion that dates back thousands of years and has helped many people overcome their suffering and has taught countless others how to help end the suffering of their fellow man. This religion can seem difficult to understand when you first begin but if you take the time to learn the basic tenants, then you can find your own happiness and sense of self-fulfillment that many miss in life.
There are two main schools of Buddhism. There is the Mahayana and the Theravada. Each of these facets of Buddhist teachings is different but they have many of the same similarities. Perhaps the biggest difference is in how bodhi or enlightenment is reached and what is required to aspire to the level of the Dali Lama.

The Buddhist religion and philosophy is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha. There are four main beliefs that the Mahayana and Theravada believe in. These are: the Middle Way, Dependent Origination, the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path. The journey to Buddhahood is the highest attainment that anyone following the religion Buddhism can attain.

Many people associate the Buddhist religion with meditation practice, a Buddha statue and Buddhist practice. These are all true for this belief. Meditation is a huge part of attaining enlightenment. It requires the person to enter into a Zen like state in which they search for the meanings of life.

Many people who practice this religion will have a Buddha statue as a reminder of the trials and tribulations that Gautama Buddha went through on his journey to enlightenment. No one is asking you to fast and remain still for forty-nine days, as the Buddha did, but it does require some discipline.

One of the main tenants of this philosophy and religion is that you should not cause harm to others. The religion and spirituality Buddhism teaches is that the way to spiritual enlightenment is through letting transgressions go.

Yes, there will be pain and suffering in life but each person should hold nothing against others for their wrongdoings. To hold transgressions and hatred close to the heart only stops the person from growing spiritually.

Buddhism is experiencing an awakening in the West as more people are turning to aspects of this philosophy and applying them to their lives. They are finding that the Buddhist practice of meditation is actually a huge stress reliever.

There are even classes, such as in Yoga, which offer some of the Buddhists practices into a way that Westerners can utilize in their lives. If you are suffering from stress and a feeling of emptiness, then perhaps you should give the Buddhist philosophy a try.

About the Author
Learn more about buddhism at Mike Selvon portal. While you are there leave us a comment at our teachings of buddhism blog, and receive your FREE gift.

2008-11-09T05:27:00.001-08:00

Buddhism Religion Being Adopted In Many Facets by Mike Selvon

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pluggedThe Buddhism religion is growing in popularity. Many people are turning to Buddhism as a way of bringing peace and happiness into their lives. They enjoy the ritualized chants, meditations and lifestyle practices that the Buddhist religion offers.
The real secret to Buddhism, for those who are not aware of the faith, is that anyone can practice it. You can certainly enjoy and employ certain aspects that could enhance your life. Many people utilize Buddhism in some way every day but just do not realize it. It may be Buddhist art, meditation, a visit to a Zen garden or even yoga.

Yes, most Buddhists have a Buddha statue to look to for guidance and as a way to keep in touch with the Buddhism religion. Many people find the Indian and Tibetan artwork very relaxing and have incorporated it into their decor for their homes. With very pleasing color tones and a sense of tranquility, the Buddhist art is transforming many bedrooms and work places into Zen meditation retreats.

Speaking of meditation, the art of meditation practice is one that everyone should learn. It is a way to clear the mind and rid the body of stress. If you have had a bad time at work or you are under considerable family stress, meditation may be just what you need to find relaxation and a way to work through those problems. You do not have to assume some of the more traditional poses for meditation. Simply sit in a chair with your back straight, shoulders squared and your feet planted firmly.

You will then take in deep breaths through the nose and exhale slowly through the mouth. While performing this breathing exercise you should begin working on clearing your mind. This mini "meditation retreat" can help you relieve the stress and tension in your body.

If you devote just ten or fifteen minutes a day to this when things get stressful, then you will be able to tackle those touchy situations in no time at all. It will give you the time you need to think clearly.

One aspect of the Buddhism religion that is practiced in gyms across the world is yoga. This form of exercise allows you to assume different positions and relieve the stress and anxiety that may be plaguing you. If you need help getting started or simply want more information, then there are many books on Buddhism for sale in your local bookstore or you can check them out at your local library.

About the Author
Learn more about buddhism religion at Mike Selvon portal. While you are there leave us a comment at our teachings of buddhism blog, and receive your FREE gift.

2008-11-07T19:53:00.001-08:00

2008-11-04T14:22:00.001-08:00

Buddhist Meditation in a Modern World by Sandr Dorrian

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pluggedBuddhist meditation requires a strong discipline, commitment, and a will to block out all the distractions of everyday life. When the person is totally and utterly at peace form their surroundings nirvana can be achieved. Buddhists have practiced meditation for centuries to reach a higher being and learn the true meaning of life by sacrificing from oneself from material objects. Buddhists believe desire causes pain and suffering, so no desire and the will not to pursue material goods, enlightenment can be achieved. With meditation, this can be used as a "distraction" from the material and to stay purified. There are two central kinds of Buddhist meditation which are Tranquility or Samantha meditation and Insight or Vispassana meditation.
Tranquility or Samantha meditation

The goal of tranquility or Samantha is to focus the mind and train it to concentrate. There are four stages to Samantha meditation which include detachment from the outside world, concentration, joy, and equanimity. Samantha can also be broken into forty different types of kammatthanas which a person should choose of his own inclination. Virtues like kindness, devices like light or colors, grotesque things like a dead body, and recollections like sayings of Buddha are just a few of the forty.

Insight or Vispassana meditation

Insight or Vispassana meditation goal is to focus on the Buddhists truths, to reflect inside. Unlike tranquility meditation which focuses on concentration, insight meditation focuses on mindfulness. Mindfulness is trying to understand the object and learn its meaning not just to focus on it. If one focuses on a pencil, focus on what the purpose and meaning is of the pencil, what is it made of, and why does it exist. There are also different stages of insight meditation which are walking and sitting meditation.

Walking meditation takes a very strong discipline to achieve. The practitioner must focus and relax in a quite place blocking out the surroundings and focusing on the movements of the walking. If one can achieve this and focus on nothing but the walking a blissfulness can occur.

Sitting meditation is more commonly practiced. Breathing is the central focus of the sitting meditation. Everything else should be out of ones mind and the focus is directly on the breathing, from in and out and again and again.

The goal here is to be applied to everyday life. Live in the moment and not think about the past or future when doing a specific task. When cooking focus on the cooking, when eating focus on the eating and enjoy the food, when sleeping focus on the sleeping and enjoy the sleep. Buddhist mediation is meant to enrich and enhance lives and to have a better understanding of the world we live in. Anyone can practice meditation, not just a Buddhist. Buddhist meditation is a form to find inner peace with oneself. While the average man may not find total nirvana and spiritual peace, meditation still provide a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction in every day life.

About the Author
Jane Michael is the head writer at the Center for Meditation. Meditation is her practice and her passion. Buddhist meditation is a great way to start your meditation practice.

2008-07-15T05:34:00.001-07:00

The Faith In The Buddhism Of Lanna Thai by Francisco Faulkner

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The faith in the Buddhism of Lanna is so vital that it has been maintained since many long centuries ago. Its lasting effects have added to the golden luster of the Dharma and to the brilliant flourish of Buddhism that still exists today. These are reflected in the Lanna people's way of life and their charmingly specific architecture. One of the beliefs of the Lanna people, which is perhaps most dominant and distinct, is "Chuthat" or to "Worship at the Pagoda(Phrathat in Thai) of one's birth sign according to the year of Lanna animal symbol." This sort of Pagoda worship relates to the 12 Lanna animal signs.

Namely, the Lanna people believe that all Buddhists should make a pilgrimage to the Pagoda of their birth-year animal sign at least once in their life. It is for prosperity, luck, protection from the dangers of Karma, and for relaxation of the mind as well as being of the highest merit. They also believe that whenever one dies, the soul will go and stay at the Pagoda of their birth sign. Each of the 12 chosen Pagodas has a relic of the Buddha deposited inside as well.

Wat Phrathat Sri Chomthong

Chomthong, Chiang Mai

Jai (Rat)

This is small Pagoda but its beauty is incomparable size. History has not recorded the details about the date of construction, but it is believed to be around 500 years old. Phrathat Sri Chomthong is different from other Pagoda because its Buddha relics didn't stay interned in the pagoda. Relics such as the right cranium of Buddha are contained in a glass cinerary. The urn is placed in the Ku (a unique feature of Lanna architecture, similar to a pagoda) inside the temple.

Birth Year: 1996, 1984, 1972, 1960, 1948, 1936, 1924, 1912

Wat Phrathat Lampang Luang

Kho Kha, Lampang

Pao (Ox)

Wat Phrathat Lampang Luang is a royal temple from the past. It is located on an eminence and took around 100 years tot build. The Pagoda is made of brick and is coated with Jungko sheets (brass and copper plates) with a decorative design. The tiered umbrella on top is made of gold. This holy temple enshrines many Buddha relics, including a portion of the hair of the Great Preacher. By the genius of ancient artisans we can see the Pagoda image reflected on the wall on a sunny day. This phenomenon is caused by the light's refraction inside the corner of the temple, which covers a model of the Buddha's footprint. Moreover, Phra Kaeo Moragot, the most sacred Buddha image of the Lampang people is enshrined here as well.

Birth Year: 1997, 1985, 1973, 1961, 1949, 1937, 1925, 1913

Wat Phrthat Chohae

Muang, Phare

Yee (Tiger)

The most ancient and historical Buddhist site in Phrae is located on Khun Ai Kim Mountain. It was built during the reign of King Phraya Lithai, in the Sukhothai period, or around the 19th Buddhist century. The Pagoda is gilded with thong doke tuop (flower gold, soft yellow) and has the style of a square base with in dented corners. This is also known as Chiang Saen style. The Pagoda contains a relic of the hair of Buddha. The name of the Pagoda is from villagers who brought quality silk (phrae) from Xishuangbanna to tie around the Pagoda for holiness. Then, the name of Cho-Phrae was born and slightly distorted to be Chohae in the present. Inside the temple there is also a Phrchao Thanjai, the most sacred Buddha image of the Phrae people.

Birth Year: 1998, 1986, 1974, 1962, 1950, 1938, 1926, 1914

Wat Phrathat Chae Haeng

Muang, Nan

Mao (Rabbit)

Not far from the Nan River, there is an ancient Pagoda that is around 600 years old. It was constructed in 1353, during the reign of Phaya Karn Muang, the Prince of Nan. It was constructed for the purpose of containing seven Buddha relics and a gold and silver votive tablet. These treasures were given to the Prince of Nan as a gift from the Sukhothai Kingdom. Take a moment to pause and behold Pagoda Chae Haeng. The long Naga stairs lead towards the Pagoda which is on an overlapping square base gilded with brass sheets and covered with gold foil. There is a nine-tierd stately umbrella on top of the Pagoda. This style is smilar to Phrathat Hairphunchai. Although time has passed Nan villagers are still ever faithful in Phrathat Chae Haeng.

Birth Year: 1999, 1987, 1975, 1963, 1951, 1939, 1927, 1915

Wat Phra Singh Woramahaviharn

Muang, Chiang Mai

See (Naga)

The old name is Wat Li Chiang Phra and it is located inside the moat area of central Chiang Mai City. This temple was constructed during the reign of Phaya Phayu in 1345 to hold the ashes of his father, King Phaya Khamfu. The white Pagoda is of a square base, and rise in a circular Lanna style with stucco elephants around the base. In 1817, Phaya Thamma Langa, a younger brother of Phrachao Kavila, the Prince of Chiang Mai restored the temple and also the Pagoda. He transferred a Buddha's relic inside the padoga a year later. Inside the Lai Kham vihara there is enshrined the Phra Buddha Sihingh or Phra Singh (in subduing Mara style). This is the most sacred image of Chiang Mai. Moreover, the graceful mural paintings tell the motion of Lanna people's life in the past as if it were the same today.

When the Songkran Festival arrives, the Phra Singn temple will launch a procession around the city of Chiang Mai for sprinkling life preserving holy-water.

Birth Year: 2000, 1988, 1976, 1964, 1952, 1940, 1928, 1916

Pharasri Maha Bho Buddhakaya

India

Sai (Snake)

At this place exactly 2,591 years ago, the Buddha became enlightened under the Bho tree at Buddhakaya at the age of 35. It was at this monument that Buddhism began. Buddhakaya is situated west of the Naranchara River, in the Phihan district of northern India. Erected during the reign of King Asokmaharaj, the square Indian style pagoda figure is made. This is one of the most ancient pagodas in India and was greatly influenced by Indian architecture over the centuries. If you cannot make a pilgrimage to India, you can worship under any Bho tree instead. This is due to the belief that all Bho trees in Lanna are originally from India. You could also go to Wat Jet Yot in Chiang Mai as well.

Birth Year: 2001, 1989, 1977, 1965, 1953, 1941, 1929, 1917

Pagoda Shwedagon or Phrathat Takong

Rangoon,Myanmar

Sa-Nga (Horse)

This large golden Pagoda glitters in the sunlight and surrounded with small pagodas on Singkutara hill. This place is the hub of faith for the Burmese. The Pagoda is covered with the 8,688 bullions of gold and the top is decorated with 5,448 diamonds, 2,317 rubies, sapphires and topaz, and an enormous emerald in the center of it all! In former times, all good kings would give ample amounts of real gold to the temple for making gold sheets. These golden sheets were then used for covering the Pagoda, as was the ancient tradition and remains so today. Inside the Pagoda were deposited eight pieces of the Buddha's hair. With all this care over the centuries, don't be surprised at the elegance of Pagoda Shwedagon. Visitors are welcome from dawn until night.

Before entering the temple area, take off yours shoes and socks even though the ground will be hot. This is the Burmese people's way of paying respect to the Phrathaht.

Birth Year: 2002, 1990, 1978, 1966, 1954, 1942, 1930, 1918

Phrathat Doi Suthep

Muang, Chiang Mai

Med (Goat)

The Large temple located on the mountain surrounded by green forest where gods protect the city at all times. That's right! This is Wat Prathat Doi Suthep. Whoever visits Chiang Mai should pay homage to this temple at least once. Phrathat Doi Suthep was built during the reign of King Kue Na of the Mengrai Dynasty in 1371. The Pagoda is of Lanna style and is entirely glided with Jungko sheets. Around 290 steps armed with Nagas take you up to the Pagoda. From here, we can view the sparkling Pagoda clearly by day or by its light at night.

The night before Visakha Puja Day there is a traditional pilgrimage walk up to Phrathat Doi Suthep, including a wain tian (holds a candle stick and walks around the pagoda) in the dark and the making of merit on the morning of the next day.

Birth Year: 2003, 1991, 1979, 1967, 1955, 1943, 1931, 1919

Phrathat Phanom

Nakorn Phanom

San (Monkey)

If we ask, which Pagoda is mindful of both Thais and Laotians? It is should be Phrathat Phanom. Situated on the Mekong River side in the northeastern region of Thailand, Pagoda appears as a white square figure made of bricks. Its style is distinctly different from the Lanna style. The white Pagoda is decorated with a golden design, gilled with gold and embellished with beautiful gems. According to legend, Phrathat Phanom was erected at least 2,300 years ago and the interior is said to contain part of the Buddha breastbone and other Buddhist valuables.

Birth Year: 1992, 1980, 1968, 1956, 1944, 1932, 1920

Phrathat Hariphunchai

Muang Lamphun

Lao (Rooster)

This is a large temple built during the reign of Phrachao Athitaraj

to deposit the Buddha's relics, which were placed in a golden cinerary. The gilded Pagoda is covered from base to top with Jungko sheets. This was done in true Lanna and included a giant building with four massive stately umbrellas at each corner. Later during the reign of Phrachao Tilok Maharaja in 1443 the structure of the Pagoda was restored and changed to be of modern Lanna style as seen today.

Around Visakha Puja Day, Wat Phrathat Hariphunchai holds a ceremony to pay Homage to the Buddha relics.

Birth Year: 1993, 1981, 1969, 1957, 1945, 1933, 1921

Phrathat Inta Khwan or Kyaiktiyo

Kyaikto, Myanmar

Sed (Dog)

I believe that nobody has yet been able to personally worship at this temple, Phrathat Ket Kaeo Chulamani, as it resides in Taowatingsa. Heaven, where the abode of Indra remains eternal. Well, what sort of piece of Earth could be nearly as beautiful as heaven? The answer to this question is Phrathat Inta Khwan. Although it is a far distance off in Myanmar and difficult to reach, if you arrived there you would be amazed and fascinated. There is a huge golden stone is a small golden Pagoda only high 5.5 m. high, in which is deposited some of the Lord Buddha's hair. It is indeed incredible that this gigantic stone has remained standing alone at the edge of a cliff like this for such as a long lonely time. According to legend, the Pagoda is more than a thousand years old and was built in the 11th Buddhist century. If you can't make the pilgrimage here, you could always worship at the Pagoda of Wat Ketkaram, in Chiang Mai instead.

This temple is open all night and only allows the covering of the Pagoda with gold leaf. Everyone must remove all footwear before entering the temple area.

Birth Year: 1994, 1982, 1970, 1958, 1946, 1934, 1922

Phrathat Doi Tung

Mae Fah Luang, Chiang Rai

Gai (Elephant)

Phrathat Doi Tung is the oldest Pagoda in the Lanna Kingdom and is highly sacred to the people of Thailand, Burma and Laos Erected in 911 during the reign of Phracho Achutaraj, King of the Yonok Region, Phrathat Doi Tung was established on Doi Tung Mountain and is said to contain part of the Buddha's left clavicle. Later, during the reign of Phracho Mengrai Noraraj, A son of Phracho Achutaraj, some monks brought 50 Buddha relics to present to him. Thus, he erected one more Pagoda to contain the 50 relics, side by side as twins.

Don't forget to visit the Mae Fah Luang Royal Villa, the first residence of Her Royal Highness Princess Srinakarindra, Mother of King Bhumibol. It's not far from here.

Birth Year: 1995, 1983, 1971, 1959, 1947, 1935, 1923

About the Author

Francisco Faulkner is the professional freelance writer. He's also the webmaster of Getthaitrip.com

2008-06-02T09:12:00.001-07:00

How to Meditate
By: Juliet

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Meditation is the art of silencing the mind. When the mind is silent, concentration is increased and we experience inner peace in the midst of worldly turmoil. We can learn how to transform our mind from negative to positive, from disturbed to peaceful, from unhappy to happy. Overcoming negative minds and cultivating constructive thoughts is the purpose of the transforming meditations found in the Buddhist tradition. Meditating a few minutes each day is a proven stress reducer, and it can improve your view of life as well. Various types of meditation that are recognized include transcendental meditation, prayer, Zen meditation, Taoist meditation, mindfulness meditation, and Buddhist meditation. Meditation is a practice that brings about not only physical benefits, but psychological benefits as well.

Some methods of meditation may require the body being absolutely still or to be moved with controlled deliberation, while other types allow for free movement of the body. It isnâ€™t difficult to meditate, but it most certainly requires a few elements that are required to maintain an atmosphere that is conducive to meditation. To get the most from meditation you need to do it every day. This requires a place and time where you will not be disturbed. Sit with a straight back. Donâ€™t try to meditate lying down because you are likely to fall asleep. Meditation brings relaxation and peace but at the same time this is a dynamic peace. Meditation is quite different than the relaxation of sleep. Donâ€™t eat before meditating. After a heavy meal your body will be lethargic with digestion.

Observe your breath. Don't try to change the way you are breathing, just let your attention rest on the flow of your breath. The goal is to allow the "chattering" in your mind to gradually fade away. Relax every muscle in your body. Don't rush this, as it takes time to fully relax, and relax bit by bit, starting at your toes, and working up to your head. Take a meditation retreat of at least a few days. Some of these are silent, others are not. Once you experience the feel of actually meditating, you will better know how and if it applies to your life. Some of the benefits of meditation such as concentration. Knowledge of self is also benefits of meditation. Creates a state of deep relaxation and general feeling of wellbeing is benefits of meditation.

Benefits of meditation Tips

1. It decreases respiratory rate.

2. Reduces Pre- menstrual Syndrome.

3. It is also reduces activity of viruses and emotional distress.

4. It is increased learning ability, moral reasoning and memory.

5. Meditation is decreases muscle tension (any pain due to tension) and headaches.

6. Regular practitioners of MTH have increased sizes of chakras and auras making the energy body stronger and more dynamic.

Article Source: http://www.articlesnatch.com

2008-03-08T15:28:00.001-08:00

Lord Buddha - The Enlightened by Henri Van Zeyst

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Buddha is one who has perceived just for himself the reality which is not dependent on ideology, which is not conditioned by memory and tradition, which is not inspired by desire for continuance. But, he is also one who has been able to awaken in others that flame of intelligence which lies dormant and forgotten in everything that is. He does not create a fire of desire, not even a desire to become more, better or perfect. But in kindling the intelligence to perceive what is without distortion, he has opened up the way which leads to nowhere. For, the goal is not in the distant future. And thus, although he is compared to a charioteer and a tamer of the human heart who can guide and steer to final victory, it is clear that the Buddha only gives direction without grace, so that each one for himself has to discover when the day's work has been done and the burden can be laid down.
Supreme as a guide he does not enforce one way or the other. He is truly a Buddha, that is an enlightened one, a shining light for everyone to see, yet not to follow or adore. Thus, his teaching has come our way and can enlighten our lives, if we care to see, to perceive, to understand. In that sense he is not a teacher on whom the pupil depends; for, there is no salvation through him, no vicarious redemption, no following in blind faith. But in understanding with intelligence which is not conditioned by traditional and repetitional sayings, there follows action which is not aimed at a purpose of achievement- Such action which is not reaction is free and unconditioned. And in that freedom there is deliverance. In that perception there is enlightenment. In that enlightenment there is Buddhahood, where each one for himself can discover the truth as the essence of every moment of living without clinging to the past or craving for the future, where there is no conflict and no "self."
A Buddhist is one who accepts the doctrine of the Buddha. But it is not so easy to define that doctrine, for there are so many aspects involved, such as the doctrine of karma and rebirth which the Buddha evolved from the existing theory of re-incarnation by giving it a very special character; such as the doctrine of dependent origination which brought enlightenment and Buddhahood to prince Siddhattha as a bodhisatta; such as the ethical doctrine of wholesomeness the doctrine of the middle path, eschewing both extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification.
But above all there are the three marks, the three marks of distinction: impermanence, conflict, soul-lessness, which are inherent and essential in all, and which are so closely intertwined that they can only be understood together. That things are impermanent is so obvious that we do not need a Buddha to tell us so. But to realise that the conflict within us (dukkha) is due to the non-acceptance of impermanence (anicca) when applied to our own individuality, that is found only in the Buddha's doctrine that all things are without substance (anatta). It is the realisation of the void of conflict (dukkhe-anatta), which gives impermanence also to conflict, whereby one is set free to be a Buddhist in the perfect sense.
But one cannot become a Buddhist when it is understood that Buddhism is a doctrine of no-more-becoming, of cessation, of freedom and deliverance. As long as there is striving, there is desire; and as long as there is desire, there is 'self. Only when there is the cessation of becoming (bhava-nirodha) is there the realization of no-self, which is Nibbana
And so Buddhism is not an organized religion which leads people in the practice of worship and faith. It is not a religious organization either, for everything depends on each individual for himself. Instead of salvation through grace, there must be understanding and insight as the basis of action. And in understanding without fear or hope there will be immediate and perfect action which is not a reaction to dogma or tradition, but which is the effect of an intelligence which is fully awake and aware, which is living in the present.
© Copyright 2005 Maithri Publications. This article was donated by Maithri Publications - http://www.maithri.com You may republish this article in any form by crediting the author and source. Please include the web address.

About the Author
Henri Van Zeyst was born in Utrecht, Netherlands, in 1905. Educated throughout in Catholic schools and colleges, he spent his final years of studies in philosophy and theology. An intensive course of comparative religion brought him in contact with Buddhism. Within a year of his coming to Sri Lanka he was ordained a Buddhist monk in 1938 under the name of Bhikkhu Dhammapala.

2008-03-08T14:55:00.001-08:00

Buddhism and Christianity - do they differ? by E. Raymond Rock

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As with all great traditions, there are few differences at experiential levels; however, at a belief level after we label and try to explain the experiences, some differences exist - such as beliefs about heaven and God. Heaven is achievable, but always only a temporary respite for a Buddhist, and there is no belief in a personal God; a difference between belief and actual knowing is recognized. We can believe in Santa Claus, but when we see him in our living room putting gifts under the tree, then our belief becomes reality, unless, of course, its dad all dressed up!
So what do Buddhists believe? They believe that we must follow the precepts, or guidelines, which number five, eight and ten for lay people, and two hundred twenty-seven for monks.The five precepts list not killing, stealing, indulging in inappropriate sex (with those spoken for or too young to understand), lying, or indulging in intoxicants. These are to be adhered to at all times.
The eight precepts are kept temporarily when a lay person attends a retreat or visits a monastery. They are the five precepts plus 6. no eating solid food after noon, 7. no dancing, singing, music, entertainment, jewelry, perfumes or cosmetics, and 8. no sleeping on high or large luxurious beds.
The ten precepts apply to people actually living in a monastery and add no touching of money, gold or silver to the list, and breaks the seventh precept into two. making ten. Buddhists believe that if these precepts are kept, the next lifetime will be in a happy realm of humans or devas (minor Gods). However, because past karma from many other lifetimes that has not been resolved, there is the possibility that after some time in this happy realm, a fall back into the hell, animal or ghost realms could occur. Therefore, only being a good person won't insure a happy destiny forever - that takes additional work.
Heaven to a Buddhist, unfortunately, is not a one-way ticket! If only it were that easy! A Buddhist must go a little deeper than being a good, kind, loving person and following the rules. The morality has to become natural where all actions are moral without thinking about how being moral will help me get to heaven. This requires what is called spiritual training of the mind, or meditation, which if perfected, removes all our bad karma so that we will not have to worry about falling back into the lower realms. This is called attaining supramundane morality.
It begins with mundane practices of meditation, or concentrating the mind. In Christianity, this is called orison (meditation), normally called introversion, which is further broken down into recollection, quiet and contemplation. These stages of meditation parallel Buddhist meditation very closely, with the outcome being an approach to the ground of our soul. The mind sinks into nothingness, which deepens until the Christian mystic completes his or her journey within, to the center of the divine Immanence where he or she comes face to face with God, no different than the prophets who have come before. The mystic doesn't read about God or imagine him, the mystic actually meets him! Why else would monks squirrel themselves away and give up all the good times to be had in the world. St John of the Cross, a famous Christian mystic has said that all the pleasures of the world are but crumbs from the table of God.
After the Buddhist practices meditation religiously and after living a moral life, he or she then goes on to the Brahma, or God planes of existence which span millions of years. Depending on their success with meditation, they will spend from one span to 84,000 spans in these realms. But, alas, eventually they will fall back into human form and be susceptible to all the physical and mental hardships.
The only way to insure never falling back into human form is to acquire supramundane wisdom, and this is done through advanced meditation practices, strict morality and the cultivation of wisdom. The meditator will observe materiality( material things in the universe including our bodies) with bare attention, not intellectual evaluations. He will see the arising and passing of all materiality.
The meditator will observe impermanence of all things in the universe, the suffering of beings here on earth, and the reality that no self stands behind it all. What the meditator sees as a self is only a reflection of the Ultimate, or God, but because we spend so much time on this apparition, we never really get to know God, and therefore can't be with him permanently.
The trick is to somehow see this self and break the self-hypnosis that we are under. This is called enlightenment; a direct personal experience that is totally intuitive and beyond the common mind. Once the self is seen through, there is no possibility of ever returning to the lower realms.
All of this can only be experienced, not something that is believed in. Buddhists only believe what they can prove true for themselves, and meditation is the means of doing that. Once a shift in consciousness occurs, then one can remain in the present. A base of calm underpins everything, so that no matter what the turbulent outside circumstances are, underlying peace and wisdom prevails without effort. Therefore, Buddhists need not look to future realms or other places for their happiness, happiness is present in every moment .
E. Raymond Rock of Fort Myers, Florida is cofounder and principal teacher at the Southwest Florida Insight Center, http://www.SouthwestFloridaInsightCenter.com His twenty-eight years of meditation experience has taken him across four continents, including two stopovers in Thailand where he practiced in the remote northeast forests as an ordained Theravada Buddhist monk. His book, A Year to Enlightenment (Career Press/New Page Books) is now available at major bookstores and online retailers. Visit http://www.AYearToEnlightenment.com

2008-03-06T04:23:00.001-08:00

Meditations: Defining the Purpose of Your Meditation Session by Chris Le Roy

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The concept of meditating for many people is that of hippies sitting out in the bush, high on weed, all chanting together or of Buddhist Monks in the high mountains of Tibet chanting their sacred text. Meditation can be all of that and more. Meditation is for everyone, not just a select group. When choosing to meditate, you must clearly define the purpose of the meditation session. Meditation in the western world is most commonly related to stress relief and to help ease the strains of everyday life but it does not have to be.

What is meditation?

Most people miss understand the purpose of meditation and what you can achieve with it. The purpose of meditation is to remove the demands the world places on your mind. It is about clearing your mind so that you can prepare for the next on-slaught the world decides to throw at you.

If you are stressed then meditation will help you to clear your mind of the stress so that you can better focus on the issues that are causing the stress. The cool part is that during a meditation session you can teach yourself or direct yourself to do anything you want.

In a book I have become a great believer in, Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill, the writer in his third secret of what millionaires know to become obscenely rich and successful, he talks about Autosuggestion. Autosuggestion is about programming your mind to become successful and achieve what you want.

Meditation is a great tool in helping you to achieve this objective. In fact meditation is the best way to help reprogram your mind to achieve anything. Buddhist monks for millenniums have been using meditation to help in their path to enlightenment and in becoming a better person. During their meditations they reflect on where they are in their life and based on the sacred texts provided by Lord Buddha they use these during their meditations to reflect on what they have done and use the teachings to become a better person and achieve enlightenment. They use the sacred texts to help their reflections in changing who they are to what they want to be.

This leads me to an important statement, do not meditate for the sake of it, have a clear purpose for your meditation session.

If you are stressed then your meditation session should be focused on helping you to overcome the stress and get back to a point of calm. Once you have got to the point of calm then your next step is to meditate on the issue that is causing you the stress. For example, if someone in your office is causing you stress through bullying or being rude to you then you should be using your meditation sessions to retrain your mind on how to deal with these bullies.

The retraining meditation session could be achieved through using lessons or repeating text from people who are experts in this area and then reflecting on the lessons during the meditation session. Alternatively, you can reflect on the actual situation where you had a run in with the person who is causing you issues and then during your meditation reconstruct the situation and work out ways you could have made the situation better. Essentially you can use the meditation session to role play and work out a strategy to ensure you maintain control over the situation the next time someone is causing your pain and suffering.

Using meditation in this way will help you in dealing with situations more effectively. The reason we do the reflections during meditation is because that is when our mind is without clutter or impacted by the stresses of day-to-day life. Before doing the reflection you should always deal with the stress before beginning the reflection or you will not achieve your outcomes.

Look, what I wanted for you to get out of this article was that, before you start your meditation, you should always have a clear outcome that you want to achieve with the meditation. If you do not meditate with a purpose, then your meditation will not be effective.

About the Author

If you would like to read the book Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill it is available at our website. To help you during your meditation sessions we have Meditation Music also available.

2008-03-06T04:18:00.001-08:00

A New Meditation by Huntly Reid

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So, being a thoroughly modern person you have decided that you want to find a meditation and you are thinking of starting your search on the Internet.

Well you are in for a big surprise. Key in the word 'meditation' or 'yoga' and you are going to be overwhelmed by a multiplicity of choice. Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga, Hatha Yoga, The Kabbalah, Tibetan Buddhism, Kundalini Yoga, Krishnamurti's Choiceless Awareness, Zen, Vippasana meditation, the Ramana Maharshi meditation or perhaps Sahaja Yoga. There are many more.

Well help is at hand. Daniel Goleman has written a book called "Meditative Mind" in which he classifies all the different meditations in terms of the Vissudhimagga that was taught by the Lord Buddha. The Vissushimagga means the path of purification. There are two basic types of meditation: the path of concentration and the path of insight.

Thoughts enter your mind in a random manner. There is no pattern to their entry. The path of concentration has you direct the flow of your thoughts, fixing them onto the object chosen for the meditation. By forcing your wandering thoughts back on to the object your mind will eventually become absorbed in it and your awareness will experience a feeling of oneness with it. This is called the "point of entry."

The start of insight meditation is the practice of mindfulness. You are required to pay attention to your thoughts and senses as they arise and to merely register or note your observation of the thought or sense impression without further comment, reflection or judgement. You simply pay attention to what is happening in and to you. In the beginning as in the path of concentration your mind will wander until you reach the point of bare insight where your mind develops the ability to observe all that is registering in your mind without the interference of wandering thoughts. With the achievement of bare insight you realise that your awareness is different from the object of your awareness.

Once you have reached the point of entry or of bare insight you then continue to achieve higher and higher levels of awareness until eventually you reach the highest state possible, which is variously called Nirvana, Nirodh, Moksha and various other names. This state indicates that you have achieved the point whereby you have acquired total self-knowledge and are freed from the perpetual cycle of birth, death and rebirth.

What actually happens here is that your kundalini awakens and rises up the central subtle spiritual channel called the Sushumna. The kundalini is the dormant spiritual power within each one of us, which resides in our pelvic bone. The disadvantage with either of the two paths of the Vissuddimagga is that normally it takes a very long time to get your self-realisation. More than one lifetime is not unusual. Remember that the Vissuddimagga means the 'Path of Purification'. This refers to the fact that in addition to meditation the seeker has to purify his spiritual centres called chakras one by one. This is why the Indian yogis go to the Himalayan Mountains or the forests. They isolate themselves in order to concentrate on their spirit and not be interrupted by mundane life.

In the modern world it is well nigh impossible for the ordinary seeker to achieve their self-realisation using the paths of the Vissuddhimagga. There has however been a change in the firmament and it is now possible to achieve your self-realisation through taking to Sahaja Yoga. As impossible as it seems you can now get your self-realisation simply by asking for it. Any Sahaja yogi can give self-realisation. It is like one candle lighting another. Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi developed Sahaja Yoga. She is a very high spiritual personality and can be described as a messenger from God.

With the Vissuddimagga you have to be spiritually perfect before you can get your self-realisation. With the Sahaja Yoga you are not perfect but you can work on trying to become spiritually perfect. The point is that your kundalini does the work for you. All that you have to do is to introspect on your self during meditation. What's wrong with me? The path of Sahaja Yoga is a much faster and easier method of achieving spiritual perfection than the two Vissuddimagga paths. It's like putting the roof on the house first and then building up the walls and windows etc rather than the conventional way around.

The methods used by the Vissuddimargga meditation work by trying to subdue the mind. Sahaja Yoga says that instead of trying to subdue or control the mind, which is almost impossible anyway, why not ignore it and simply go beyond it. The Sahaja Yoga meditation is described as thoughtless awareness. Normally it is virtually impossible to do this but in Sahaja Yoga your kundalini simply takes you straight into thoughtless awareness.

In their book 'From Here to Nirvana' Anne Cushman and Jerry Jones say that there are five types of yoga: Jhana, Bhakti, Karma, Raja and Hatha. Ramana Maharshi was a Jnana yogi who taught that thinking the thought 'Who am I' would eventually lead to self-realisation. This is the mind being used to distinguish between the real and the unreal. Bhakti yoga is the path of love, devotion, and worship. Karma yoga is the path of selfless service. The Karma yogi does not renounce the world but rather seeks to serve humanity in a detached, egoless manner. This leads to self-realisation. Raja yoga is the path taught by the saint Patanjali around the second and third centuries AD. It is a systematic eight-fold path, which works through the quietening of the mind. Raja yoga includes a moral code, positive breath control and a meditation akin to the ' path of concentration' talked about above. Hatha yoga is the classic 'exercise' yoga well known to people in the west. Raja and Hatha yoga are usually associated together. Sahaja Yoga includes elements of all the different types of yoga except Hatha Yoga.

References. (1) From Here to Nirvana. 1998. Anne Cushman and Jerry Jones. Rider Books, London. ISBN 0712670610.

(2) Meditative Mind. 1996. Daniel Goleman Harper Collins Publishers, London. ISBN 07225 347 2

About the Author

Huntly Reid is an experienced Sahaja Yoga practitoner.

2008-03-04T01:39:00.000-08:00

Ten day retreat at a Vipassana Meditation Center by sas_hkalchemy

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The Vipassana Meditation organization exists to spread the practice of Buddhist meditation as Taught By S.N. Goenka. The organization has many local branches, all of which offer ten day retreats. In August 2004 I attended such a retreat.

On 4th August 2004, I arrived at the Centre, having enrolled on a 10 day course. Here are a few thoughts on my experience there.

The teaching was very precise and clear. Goenka's daily discourse was always most amusing, full of stories and anecdotes, and very encouraging. This was always the highlight of the day.

The location itself was very secluded, and I found the peace and quiet very restful. Not having to talk to people was, in some ways, a great relief. There was no idle chatter and, though we lived in very close quarters for ten days, we were complete strangers for nine of them.

The regime of the course was very tough. Getting up at 4am was something I got used to: I could manage to sit for the fist hour or so of the 4.30am sitting, but I usually found it extremely hard to stay awake during the second hour. Again, I managed an hour of the three hour morning sitting without much trouble but the remaining two hours were a real drag. The four hours in the afternoon were broken up into three sessions, the middle of which was more structured, but the long third session was very dull. I found the meditation sessions too long, I experienced a lot of pain, though this did improve later and I was able to sit with more equanimity, and was very bored some of the time. Goenka chanted in Pali a great deal in his low pitched voice and, after a while, this really stated to irritate me. I felt it distracted me from the meditation and couldn't really see the point of it. I was also irritated by his interminable, repetitive instructions: I appreciate that repetition is the key to remembering, but I felt he went on and on a bit too much.

When we weren't meditating or eating, there was absolutely nothing to do. The compound itself was tiny and so there was nowhere to walk, nothing to see and, because it was so hot, one couldn't even sit outside for long. We couldn't read a book or write a journal, so we usually just went to sleep. This lack of intellectual stimulation was a really difficult thing to cope with.

The facilities of the centre were generally very poor. It was a ramshackle New Territories village environment. There were four toilet / shower cubicles to be shared between everyone, though only two of the showers were of a decent quality and even these were temperamental and on two occasions the ignition didn't work so I had to have cold showers. The cubicles themselves were made or corrugated metal sheet and concrete; the floors were concrete and were green with all the water which had flowed over them. Each cubicle has an orange plastic concertina door with a small plastic ring attached to the handle which could be hooked over an old piece of metal to act as a lock. All four cubicles were quite dirty and full of spiders, beetles, cockroaches and other insects.

The male dorm contained eight poor quality bunk beds made of thin metal frames, painted red, each containing a very thin mattress and a mosquito net which had to be arranged over four metal poles which had been attached to the top bunk. It was very crowded and there were no cupboards, shelves or wardrobes, so we were forced to live out of a suitcase. The two small air conditioners were inadequate for the job, were noisy and didn't provide much cooling. Again, the dorm was home to a variety of insects and also a rat which I saw scurrying through a hole between the dorm and the kitchen, which were adjacent, on several occasions.

There was a real lack of privacy. The camp was tiny and we could go nowhere to get away from other people.

The male dining area was outdoors, next to the Dhamma Hall, and consisted of a large makeshift table, on which the food was laid out in trays, and three smaller tables with plastic chairs for us to sit around when eating. A bowl, chopsticks and cup had to be acquired by each student and kept by them until the end of course.

The quantity of food was definitely insufficient: toast for breakfast and two small bowls of rice and vegetarian food for lunch. We we allowed a couple of bananas for tea. There was no dinner. I was always hungry in the evenings but, having said this, I didn't starve and I think it was a good experience to go hungry for a while: it makes one more appreciative and less liable to complain about things. The food itself was plain and there was little variety from day to day. Often, I didn't want to eat the food since it was so tasteless, but I forced it down because I knew there'd be nothing until 6.30am the next day. There was nothing to drink except warm water from the 'cooler' (which obviously didn't work), some herbal tea and horlicks.

All of this did go to highlight just how attached I am to the things I enjoy in my daily life and which I largely take for granted: a hot shower in a clean, spacious environment, tasty food in a nice hotel or restaurant, a cold glass of beer, a good book, a movie, a clean, spacious and comfortable bed, privacy. I have certainly enjoyed these 'simple pleasures' since coming home.

In spite of all the deprivations, pain, inconvenience, boredom, plain food and poor facilities, I actually felt really good when I returned to the 'real world'. I felt clean and whole. I didn't feel tired. I felt alert and alive. I felt full of peace. I've feel as if I don't want to waste another moment of my life on negativity.

I went to a hotel restaurant and then walked around TST with Carol on the afternoon of my return and I felt great. I didn't mind the crowds, the pushing, the shoving. I didn't hurry. I didn't get annoyed or angry. I just enjoyed myself. I just had a phone conversation with my parents and sister in the UK which was one of the nicest, most positive conversations I've had with them. My neighbours are making a bit of noise but it's not bothering me.

I've spent a long time looking for 'enlightenment,' but now I feel as if I've had an experience which is not what I expected, and not enlightenment, but a great change in me for the better. Whether it is the practice of Vipassana, as taught by Goenka, which has made me feel like this, or just the plain, simple life I have been living, I don't know.

Bhavatu sabba mangalam. Sadhu, sadhu, sadhu.

The daily schedule.

4am. Get up and shower

4.30-6.30am. Meditation in the hall, the last of hour of which is a tape of Goenka's Pali chanting.

6.30-8am. Breakfast and then sleep.

8-9am. Meditation with the assistant teachers.

9-11am. Meditation in the hall without the assistant teachers.

11am-1pm. Lunch and then sleep. Interview with the assistant teachers if requested.

1-2.30pm. Meditation in the hall without the assistant teachers.

2.30-3.30pm. Meditation with the assistant teachers.

3.30-5pm. Meditation in the hall without the assistant teachers.

5-6pm. Tea and sleep.

6-7pm. Meditation with the assistant teachers.

7-8.15pm. VCD discourse given by Goenka

8.15-9pm. Meditation with the assistant teachers.

9-9.30pm. Questions to the assistant teachers if needed. Otherwise bed.

Links.

The Vipassana Website. www.dhamma.org/os (user: oldstudent, pass: behappy)

Dhamma books. http://www.dhammabooks.com/ and http://www.pariyatti.com/

Global pagoda. http://www.globalpagoda.com/

Vipassana research institute. http://www.vri.dhamma.org/

About the Author

Visit the Effortless Abundance website for more articles
Submitted by: Super Article Submitter

2008-01-01T04:55:00.001-08:00

The Lord Buddha and God

We always hear people talk about God. What is about this? Theologians have various conceptions of God. The Most common among these include omniscience, perfect goodness, divine simplicity, and so on. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal, a person being, the source of all moral obligation.

Many well-known medieval philosophers and some modern scientists have developed several arguments for and against the existence of God. Einstein ( 1879-1955 ) said, “Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind”…

Thomas Edison ( 1847-1931) said that he believed the science of chemistry alone almost proves the existence of intelligent creator. Modern science attempts to tackle the problem with limited systematized knowledge The scientific viewpoint on creator-god has tried to show that we are the direct products of the sperm and ovum cells from our parents. But science does not give a satisfactory explaination with regard to the development of the soul.
As the Lord Buddha states, “ If parents come together and it is the mother’s proper period and the ‘being-to-be-born’ is present, then by the conjunction of these three, a germ of life is there planted.”(Mahatanhasamkhaya Sutta in Majjhima Nikaya No.38)

In my opinion , it very nice to respect and pray to god. Instead, we only pray and ask for his help everyday , as we really love him we also can support him by bringing the virtue of god such as loving-kindness to be in our mind, and try to do the good thing. It is useless to ask who the god is, and where he is.

In Buddhism, the Lord Buddha is neither a god nor a prophet and incarnation of god, but a supreme human being who through his own effort attained to Final Deliverance and perfect wisdom, He shows men how to save themselves. He is born out of compassion for the benefit and happiness of god and men. He is simple, lonely, a vivid human personality, not a fabled story. He is battling for light.

In Digha Nikaya 13, the Lord Buddha taught us the Brahmavihara- Four Modes of Sublime Conduct, Highest State, or Divine Abodes. These modes of living are known as ‘the unbounded conditions’ as they are extended to all without limitation. They consist of Metta, Karuna, Mudita and Upekka.

These virtues tend to elevate man and make one divine in this present life , can transform man into a super human. If all try to cultivate virtues, irrespective of race, creed, colour or sex, the earth can be transformed into heaven, where we live in peaceful place and harmony like any place of perfect blessing as ideal citizen of the beautiful world.

1. Metta , the first Mode of Sublime,is loving-kindness or universal love which means goodwill and amity, the wish to help all people attain benefit and happiness. It is not sensual love or personal affection, as opposed to hatred. Metta refers to unspecific or unbounded love from lust, which is intended to all living beings.

In Karaniya Metta Sutta, The Lord Buddha taught, “…Whatever living creatures there be, without exception, weak or strong , long or short , big or medium , small or large, seen or unseen , and those living far or near , those who are born and who are to be born may all beings be happy minded…”
“…Let the thaughts of universal love pervade the whole world-above , below and across-without any obstruction , without any hatred, without any enmity…”

What is the Lord Buddha’s Metta like ?

1. The boundless Metta of the Lord Buddha who worked for the welfare and happiness of those who loved Him as well as of those who hated Him and even tried to kill Him.
2. His metta is not narrow as the passionate love of the mother towards her children.
3. His metta is not narrow like racial brotherhood or religious brother.
4. Metta of the Lord Buddha is not just the same as political party members which confined only to those who shares similar political views, such as the partial brotherhood of Republicans , Socialists , Communists , Democrates , and so on.

Lord Jesus Christ also taught Loving Kindness in The New Testament (Matthew5)
“You Have heard that it was said, ‘you shall love your neighbor hate your enemy.’
“But I say to you , love your enemies , bless those who curse you , do good to those who hate you , any pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you.”

The Lord Buddha taught the Blessings of Metta in Anguttara Nikaya (11:16) “O Disciples when universal love leading to liberation of mind is strictly practised , developed, fully gained to use as one’s vehicle , made the foundation of
one’s life , fully established, well consolidated and perfected , then those eleven blessings may be expected.”
These are eleven Blessings of Metta
1. He who practises metta sleeps happily.
2. He awakes with a happy heart.
3. Even in sleeping , this person is not perturbed by trouble dream.
4. This person becomes dear to human beings.
5. He is dear to non-humans and animals.
6. Owing to power of metta the person becomes free from poison and so forth , unless one is subject to some inexorable kamma.
7. Invisible deities protect him.
8. Metta leads to quick mental concentration.
9. Metta tends to beautify one’s facial expression.
10. A person filled with metta dies peacefully.
11. Such a person with loving kindness dies happily , he will be born in a blissful state.

2.Karuna or compassion is the second Brahmavihara Divine Virtue which desires to help others to escape from hardships or miseries and emphasizes on the action to remove the woes such as suffering , poverty and illness of the others.
The compassionate persons always satisfy to relieve the suffering of others. They seek opportunity to serve others expecting nothing in return, not even gratitude.In the world today, the poor , the sick, the helpless persons highly demand the compassionate people to assist them.
Charitable organizations have been established in all countries by the public and private sectors to give every possible assistance to the needy and the poor. Maternity homes, orphanages, homes for the aged, free dispensaries and hospitals are needed in under-developed countries, especially in South Africa, and South Asia. They are short of material and national resources. The poor people are lack of medical facilities.
HIV/AIDS is now a pandemic, with an estimated 38.6 million people (year 2006) living with the disease worldwide.The World Health Organization estimated that Aids has killed more than 25 million people since it was first found in 1981. It is one of the most dangerous and destructive epidemics in the world recorded history.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the UN, has programs to prevent and treat SARS, AIDS, Malaria, etc.,.This agency needs more financial support to meet the demand of the high spread of HIV/AIDS . The WHO agency is financed by contribution from member states and foundations such as Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation.
The Karuna or Compassion of the Lord Buddha is very up to date to be practised as it had been done in His life time. For instance, Anathapindika, the millionaire of Kosala Kingdom and chief supporter of the Lord Buddha , had donated a lot of property. He was called “Feeder of the Helpless” as his unparalleled generosity.
The Lord Buddha had done the greatest Karuna to all living beings. He consoled the very sorrowful women like Kisagotami and Patacara by His comforting polite words. He also gave service to the deserted sick like Putigatta Tissa Thera with His own hands. He taught disciples who would like to treat Him to take care and treat the sick.
The Lord Buddha had helped the spiritually poor like courtensan Ambapali, toward Angulimala the murderer. Even the last minute before His passing away, in His heavy sickness, He permitted Suppadda to ask Him a lot of questions and let him to be ordinated.

3.Mudita means sympathetic or appreciative joy which tend to destroy jealousy. Very often some cannot bear to hear the success of others. Mudita builds up an appreciative gladness.Without Mudita, instead of praising and congratulating the success , jealous person tries to ruin, condemn and destroy others.
The person who practises Mudita will not try to hinder the progress and successful achievement of others. Mudita promotes virtue ,mutual happiness and posperity of society.
Our Lord Jesus Christ was crucified, Socrates was poisoned, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated and John F.Kennedy was the same. Such is the nature of the wicked world of Muditaless.

4.Upekka is the last one of Brahmavihara Virtue which means equanimity. The etymological meaning is ‘veiwing justly’ or ‘looking impartially’ that is without favor or disfavor. A person who practises Upekka seeing thing as they are with a mind of judgement that is steady, firm and fair like a pair of scales. He keeps the mind unaffected by either attractive or impulsive conditions, It is not subject to either depression or elation.

2007-08-11T17:49:00.002-07:00

The Lord Buddha and Natural Law

In the known history of mankind, there are many scientists and philosophers.We can learn a lot from their thoughts such as

Pythagoras ( 580-490 BC) told us the theory of reincanation or transmigration of soul after death. He was a believer of metempsychosis.

Rene Descartes ( 1596-1650 ) was French asserted that the necessity of examination all phenomena at the bar of reasonable doubt.

Baruch de Spinoza ( 1632-1677 ) declared that all existence is transitory.

David Hume ( 1711-1776 ) was a Scottish philosopher examined the mind and said that consciousness consists of fleeting mental states. Hume denies that there is a distinction between the various features of a person and the mysterious self.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ( 1770-1831 ) was German philosopher said, “ the entire phenomenon is a becoming.”

Schopenheuer ( 1788-1860 ) believed the world as will and idea he taught us the truth of suffering.

Thomus Aquinas ( 1227-1274 ) wrote four types of law. There are as followings

Eternal Law is the controlling plan of the universe existing in the mind of God.Natural Law is the reflection of divine reason in created things,that is the participation of man as a rational creature in the eternal law, Human Law is the application of the precepts natural law to particular earthly conditions.The Divine Law is the command of God to man.

I have no right to judge them who is right or wrong. My duty is to learn and observe to know what and where the truthfulness is. I spend a lot of time to read Tripitaka to know the Lord Buddha’s taughts.

The philosophy emphasizes on theory and knowledge of “what.”The lord Buddha’s taught emphasizes on practice with the question of “why” and reply “because” I found His great teaching on

Natural Law in Dhammaniyama Sutta (Anguttara Nikaya).

The Lord Buddha taught that:

“O monks, whether the Tathagatas (The Lord Buddhas) appear or not, it remains fact, an established principle, a Natural Law that all conditioned things are Anicca. This fact the Tathagata realizes understands, and when He has realized and understood it , declares it teaches it, proclaims it, set it forth, reveals it, analyses, and makes it clear, that all conditioned things are Anicca.

O monks, whether the Tathagatas appear or not, it remains fact, an established principle, a Natural Law that all conditioned things are Dukkha. This fact the Tathagata realizes understands, and when He has realized and understood it, declares it, teaches it, proclaims it, set it forth, reveals it, analyses, and makes it clear, that all conditioned things are Dukkha.

O monks, whether the Tathagatas appear or not, it remains fact ,an established principle, a Natural Law that all conditioned things are Anatta. This fact Tathagata realizes understands and when He has realized and understood it, declares it, teaches it. Proclaims it, set it forth, reveals it, analyses, and makes it clear, that all conditioned things are Anatta”

The Lord Buddha declared the Natural Law more than 2500 years ago. It consists of three characteristics of existence. There are as follows:

1.Anicca means transience or impermanent. They are both living and non-living things have come into existence will eventually have to pass away and exists only temporarily.It is subject to change.

In the modern science, many scientists have discovered the real thing.In 1665 an English scientist, Robert Hooke, was using a compound microscope for studying various parts of plants.

By 1838, Hooke and most scientists were convinced that all living things were made of cells. These cells which organized tissue, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm enclosed in a cell memblane………….

I have learned that all of cells are subject to change. We may not know the automatic working of cells which is changing all time. For instance, the excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp, as it is normal for skin cells to die and flake off When the old cell has gone and the new one can grow in its place. We always use the soap to wash bodyfluid or excreta and to scrute off the sweat This is why our bodies are impermanent and change from childhood to the old age.

The non-living things are also the same. They are always changeable and impermanent. For instance, we often hear the new evidence of global warming that threatens unpredictable climatic and atmospheric changes.

This is because of carbon dioxide contributes to warming of earth by accumulating in the upper atmosphere and reducing the re-emission of heat into space. The effect of the gas is much like the glass walls of a greenhouse. The ozone layer of the upper atmosphere which shields the earth from some of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

It effects on our lives and environment such as crop lands will turn into deserts, there will be more forest fires, melting of the polar ice caps and expansion of the oceans would lead to submersion of lowlying coastal area.So many scientists and industrial countries realize these changes and try to solve the problem with carefulness.

When we realize that both living and non-living things are subject to change, we have to be careful.

The final exhortation of the Lord Buddha was given His disciples that:

“Behold, O disciples, I exhort you. Subject to change are all component things. Strive on with carefulness”

2.Dukkha is not easy for an ordinary man like Jim to get a proper English equivalent. Dukkha here covers sadness, disappointment, sorrowful, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, aversion, frustration, and suffering is difficult to be endured.

Anybody does not know that all things are incessant and decay. He always suffers when he cannot order it under his command. A man is suffering from pain in mind normally tends to identify himself so closely with the pain-feeling that he is unable to take a detached view of it. He is overpowered by it.As a matter of fact, the pain is all impermanent. It arises and disappears. If one sees its intrinsic natural law will become free.

In the First Discourse( The Kingdom or Wheel of Truth), The Lord Buddha taught that birth is suffering, decay is suffering, sickness is suffering, old age is suffering, death is suffering, to be united with the unpleasant is suffering, to be dissociated or separated from the pleasant is suffering, not to get what they want is suffering. In short, the five aggregates of attachment are suffering.

In my point of view, the Lord Buddha is not pessimist, when He taught about suffering. This is His intelligent technique to explain word like suffering, cause of suffering and the way to destroy the suffering, after His followers understand clearly in mind what suffering is. Then they can easily attain the Supreme Happiness, Nippana.

3 Anatta is non-self which means the voidness of reality or self-existence. It is the absence of limiting self identity. It also means sunyata or emtiness of self in both living things and non-living things.

The advantage of non-self is that:

A.Those persons who have practised and clearly known that their bodies are impermanent and changeable, decay and out of command, their pain-feeling would decrease and disappear.

B.Not much to stress on self-centered. It would become selfish and would be actuated only by self-interest, as each person thinks only for oneself. This can protect the conflict trouble of egoism.

2007-08-02T00:28:00.002-07:00

The Lord Buddha and India

In fact, the Lord Buddha’s taught continued to grow and was propagated for eleven hundred years in India, His taught has left a deep and indelible impression on the society, literary, politics, culture and chiefly the religious aspect of life in India. The contribution of the Lord Buddha’s taught can be summed up as the following points

1.Effect on Indian History. The influence of the Lord Buddha on Indian history in its political aspects will remain forever, since it was Buddhism which generated a sense of horror at bloodshed among the Indian princes. The Lord Buddha’s taught has had continuous repercussion as in the time of Ashoka who renounced the bloody conquering and turned to peaceful propagation. The Lord Buddha’s had influenced upon Gandhiji by using a non-violence or ahimsa for Indian liberation, Dr.B.R. Ambedkar was a drafting committee chairman of Indian Constitution, as he studied a lot of Buddhist Sangha practice and his extensive reading in Buddhist scriptures was to come to his aid. Buddhist Sangha practice incorporated voting by ballot, rules of debate etc., was the old type of democracy in 2500 years ago. Now India is the democratic country of the largest amount of population.

2.Influenced upon Hindu religion. Hindu religion has been considerably influenced by Buddhist ethics and religion thinking, although the latter did not in any degree overwhelm Hindu religion. The chief stress in the Lord Buddha’taught was on the practice of ahimsa or non-violence, loving-kindness, and sympathy towards all living beings. Latter on when the Brahmanic religion stressed the need for non-violence, it was a derivation from the Lord Buddha’s taught.

3.Equality and Benevolence. The Lord Buddha propagated the notion of equality among all individuals found in society, irrespective of caste, colour, creed, social position and eminence. Every individual could seek sanctuary in His monastries which welcomed everyone who came to Him. The Lord Buddha discarded the differences of age, sex and caste. Many were high caste came to join the same roof with the lower caste.It was the first time in the known history of mankind, the Lord Buddha attempted to abolish slavery and invented the higher morality for entire human race and decreased the caste-system which was rooted in Indian society at that time. The Lord Buddha was the great social developer.

4.The Simplicity, Naturalness and intellectual Bias. The Lord Buddha advocated the formation of a religion which was not marred by any complex system of ritualistic performances or by any intellectual abstractions normal reality.

5.Contribution to the Literature in Vernacular. The Lord Buddha achieved immediate success because His propagators had the intelligence to use the language which was spoken by the people like pali and prakrat language prevailed at that time. We can learn Indian history deeply concerning politics, society, economics etc.,from Buddhist scripture or Tripitaka to know what was going on in 2500 years ago.

6.The greatness of its Ethical Doctrine.. The Lord Buddha directed His disciples to live in simplicity religious tolerance, peaceful coexistence, following a commonly accepted moral code of social behaviour like five silas, and His eightfold path or middle way has great ethical implications that make it an invaluable contribution to ethical thought.The Lord Buddha laid stress not only on moral laws concerning pity, loving-kindness, self-renunciation, self-development, truthfulness, self-examination, self-analysis, temperate conduct, but also on benevolence, equality, liberty. forgiveness and non-violence. These do not imply much that before the Lord Buddha period.

7.The intellectual freedom of thought. Perhaps the most importance contribution of the Lord Buddha’s taught lies in its direction to individual to think for himself, and its assertion that independent intellectual activity assist man’s development.

8.The contribution to Indian Art.Buddhist religion contributed to Indian culture in the field of architecture and sculpture. Today, there are many archaeological museums which contain some specimen of Buddhist art, for they were during the period of Buddhist religion that painting, sculpture and architecture developed. All over the country there can be found pillars, cave sculptures and the Lord Buddha statues, Ruin monastries, Ashoka pillar and stupas at Sanchi Buddhist monument world heritage, also at Vaishali, Lumbini Garden, Amravati, Ashoka shanti peace monument at Orissa, the biggest stupa at Kesariya and the figurines were found in Nasik, Karle and Kanehari, the finest sculpture at Ajanta and Allora Caves has universal respect for Buddhist Art

9.Spread of Indian Culture Abroad. Without The Lord Buddha, we may know nothing about India, we may not interested in Indian culture. Buddhism helped to spread Indian culture in foreign countries, especially, Ashoka emperor had sent Buddhist monks to many countries

Now there is a large number of tourists and Buddhist pilgrims flowing to

The Lord Buddha’s places, and they spend much money there. This makes a lot of income for India. Since 2500 Buddhist Era, Jayunti Buddhist celebration, many Buddhist monastries from foreign countries were invited by Indian Government to construct,and Buddhist schools, clinics, the Lord Buddha’s statutes and stupas have been building up to bring the Lord Buddha’s teaching back to His homeland.

How lucky Indian people are!

Namussakara Punte Yee and Namussate Baisarp

2007-07-26T17:16:00.002-07:00

The Lord Buddha and Science

When I learned science-subject at school and knew that scientists employ scientific method to do their work by way of following steps: The first step is a careful observation of the subject matter of research. This observation often necessitates the use of apparatus, which must be accurate. The second step is a careful recording of of all the data obtained in the observation. Then come to the third step is a classification of facts, the recognition of their sequence and relative significance, is the function of science. The next step is the extraction of general laws on the basic of the pattern exhibited by the classified matterial is generalization.

The last step is verification. The general principles must also be verified.

From the preceding account of the scientific method, it would be evident that certain elements are essentially scientific or characteristics of science are the following:

1.Scienctific method. As it has been stated before a science is so called not because of its subject matter but because it uses the scientific method.

2.Factual. Science is the study of facts.It is not by hearsay or any blind faith.

3.Universal.They hold true irrespective of the temporal and spatial order.

4.Veridical.Its validity can be examined and tested at any time to be proven it is true in every case.

5.Discovery of cause-effect relationship.

6.Prediction.Science can make prediction on the basis of universal and valid laws relationships in any subject.The foundation of science is based upon a faith in causality.

However,the scientific statement is meaningful if it can be proven to be true by means observation with five senses,i.e. sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Anything cannot be proven by the five senses is held to be meaningless or not true. Scientists should not deny the existence spiritual entities which are beyond the reach of the five senses and beyond the scope of science. Empirical science cannot provide knowledge of phenomena which are not accessible to its its methodology.

Back to the point of Buddhism, when we read some sutta such as Dhammacakkappavattana sutta, Patticca-Samuppada (The Wheel of Life) The Lord Buddha taught about life in deeply concerning cause-effect relationship. We believe in causality . Today, let me talk about Kalama Sutta. It is not so difficult to understand. The Lord Buddha employed the fundamental base of knowledge like Essential Element of Science.

Kalama sutta is that:

One upon the time, The Lord Buddha visited Kesaputta, now it is called Kesariya.( I try to look it up in some books and survey this place by my favourite Google Earth found that it locates in the northern part of Bihar State of India, and far away from Vaishali,approximately 55 km.)

In the Lord Buddha’s life time, the citizen of Kesaputta,

Known as Kalama, approached the Lord Buddha and informed that

Many ascetics and Brahmins who came to teach them their doctrines. The kalama citizen very confused and could not decide to believe what doctrine was right or wrong The Lord Buddha said, “It is right for you to doubt, it is right for you to waver. In a doubtful matter, waving has arisen”

1.Ma anussavena. Do not accept anything on mere heary(thinking that thus have we hear it from along time)

2.Ma paramparaya. Do not accecpt anything by mere tradition (thinking that we have done through many generations)

3.Ma itikiraya. Do not accept anything on account of rumours (by believing what others teach without any investigation and examination)

4.Ma pitakasampadanena. Do not accept anything just because it accords with scriptures.

5.Ma takkahetu.Do not accept anything by mere supposition.

6.Ma naya hetu.Do not accept anything by mere inference

7.Ma akaraparivitakkena.Do not accept anything by merely considering the appearances.

8.Ma ditthinijj hanakkhantiya. Do not accept anything merely because it agree with preconceived notions.

9.Ma bhabbavupa taya.Do not accept anything merely because it seems acceptable.

10 Ma samano no garu ti. Do not accept anything thinking that the ascetic is respected by us. (so it right for me to accept his word.)

The Lord Buddha said, “But when you know for yourselves-these things are immoral, these things are blameworthy, these things are censured by the wise, these things, when performed and undertaken, conduce to ruin and sorrow- then indeed do you reject them”

“When you know for yourselves-these things are moral, these things are blameless, these things are praised by the wise, these things, when performed and undertaken, conduce to well-being and happiness-then do you live and act accordingly”(1)

These wise sayings of the Lord Buddha, uttered

some 2500 years ago, still retain their original force and freshness even in this enlightened twentieth century.

With a homely illustration Jnanasara- samuccaya

Repeats the same counsel in different words:

“As the wise test gold by burning, cutting and rubbing it (on a piece of touchstone) so are you to accept my words after examining them and not merely out of regard for me”

The Buddha exhorted His disciples to seek the truth, and to heed mere persuasion even by superior authority.(2)

Dear Audience, a poor man like Jim gets a little light

now. The more he knows the Lord Buddha, the more he loves Him!

Notes.

1.Angutta Nikaya.Vol.i.p.189

2.THE BUDDHA AND HIS TEACHINGS BY NARADA MAHA THERA,

VAJIRARAMA, COLUMBO 2524-1980

2007-07-24T15:25:00.000-07:00

The Lord Buddha and Peace

The world today lives in constant fear, suspicion, and tension. Science has produced weapons which are capable of unimaginable destruction. It is seen that after the First World War,The League of Nations was established with the sole object of maintaining international peace.But when the time of the League’s real test came,it was proved that the League had became a powerless institution. When the Second World War broke in 1939 but it maintained a shadowy existence until 1946 and The United Nations Organization took its place to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relation among nations;to achieve international cooperation……………….

From the First and Second World War, we suffered an uncountable and unforgettable loosing both lives and properties that we have never seen in the history of mankind. These events remind all nations cry for the lasting peace and security

The term and concept of peace in Buddhism

In Buddhism, the peace is the main goal of the good life, as the Lord Buddha says, “natthi santiparam sukham means there is no higher bliss than peace(1)

The term peace here has both negative and positive meaning In its negative sense, peace is an absence not only of war and conflict but also of “structural violence” such as social injustice, social inequality, the violation of human rights, the destruction of ecological balance, etc. In its positive sense, peace means the presence of unity, harmony, freedom and justice. Thus the concept of peace encompasses within itself the absence of conflict as well as the presence of harmony(2)

The concept of peace is extended to include both inner and outer peace. The inner peace is known as ‘peace of mind’, is a mental state free from “oppressive thoughts or emotions”. The inner peace is a prerequisite from outer peace which involves interpersonal relations A person is said to have outer peace when he lives harmoniously with his fellow beings.Outer peace includes communal, national and global peace(3)

The Lord Buddha’s teaching is the really deep root to maintain peace

The Lord Buddha always teaches His followers to live a non-violent life. Any Buddhist monk uses violent means to solve conflicts is not a true follower of the Lord Buddha. The Lord Buddha says, “Never by hatred is hatred appeased,but it is appeased by kindness.This is an eternal truth”(4) “One should win anger through kindness, wickedness through goodness, selfishness through charity,and falsehood through truthfulness”(5) The Lord Buddha teaches His followers to meet anger with love not with anger, and to conquer evil with goodness but not with evil

The Lord Buddha says, “The victor breeds hatred and the defeated lies down in misery. He who renounces both victory and defeat is happy and peaceful(6)

The only conquest that brings peace and happiness is self-conquest. “One may conquer millions in battle, but he who conquers himself only one, is the greatest of conquers(7)The above saying of the Lord Buddha are not impractical,but practicable in our daily life.

To talk of maintaining peace, it is impossible that there can be genuine and lasting peace through fear. Through fear can come only hatred, ill-will, and hostility, suppressed perhaps for the time being only, but ready to erupt and become violent at any moment. True and genuine peace can prevail only in an atmosphere of loving kindness(metta), amity, free from fear, suspicion and danger(8)

The Lord Buddha’s teaching aims at creating a society where the ruinous struggle for power is renounced; where calm and peace prevail away from conquest the innocent is vehemently denounced; Where one who conquers oneself is more respected than those who conquer millions by military and economic warfare; where hatred is conquered by kindness; and evil by goodness; where enmity, jealousy, ill-will and greed do not infect men’s mind; where compassion is the driving force of action; where all, includings the least of living things, are treated with fairness, consideration and love, where life in peace and harmony in world of material contenment is directed towards the highest and noblest aim the realization of the ultimate Truth Nirvana.(9)

The conflict settlement by The Lord Buddha

There is an example story that The Lord Buddha who intervened on one occasion to solve a conflict in a peaceful manner.He has given a practical lesson in tolerance in the field of politics. A conflict had arisen between the Sakyas, His father side, and the Koliyas, His mother side, over the water of the Rohini River which flowed between their territories.The soldiers from both sides had carried arms and assembled to begin the battle. The Lord Buddha

personally intervened the warfare and stopped them by pointing out how foolish it was for them to destroy invaluable lives for a matter so trivial. The

Lord Buddha asked, “ Why on account of some water of little worth would you destroy the invaluable lives of kings?”(10)

The peaceful means to solve the conflict by The Lord Buddha is an excellent way to be followed and apply in the term of negotiation or in the field of modern diplomacy and so on

From the Lord Buddha’s teaching on peace I know a little,but clear that

Why Buddhist can live peacefully with the followers of other religion. This due to the fact that the Lord Buddha teaches His followers to have religious tolerance, peaceful coexistence and loving kindness with other religious followers for the last 2500 years, it can be proven !

May all beings be free from enmity, affliction and anxiety, and May they live happily !

Notes

1 .Dhammapada,averse 202.

2 Buddhist Propagation for World Peace:Distinguished lectured at the Second . World Buddhist Propagation conference held at Buddhamonthon, November . 10, BE 2543/CE 2000 By Phratepsophon Mahachula Buddhist . . . …University,Bangkok, Thailand.

3 .A Buddhist View on Conflict Resolution:A lecture at the Millennium

WorldPeace Summit of World Religious and Spiritual Leaders held at United

Nations, U.S.A.,August 30,BE 2543/CE 2000 By Phratepsophon Mahachula

Buddhist University, Bangkok, Thailand.

4 Dhammapada I verse 5

5. Ibid.XVII 3.

6. Ibid.XV 5.

7. Ibid.VIII 4.

8. BUDDHISM:By Phra maha Singthon Narasabho M.A.,Ph.D. Bagkok,

Thailand

9 “What The Buddha Taught,” By Walpola Rahula, Gordon Fraser. 1967

10.Dhammapada Commentary III 254-256

2007-07-01T01:56:00.002-07:00

The Lord Buddha, His personal name was Siddhatha and clan name Gautama, was born in the 6^th Century B.C. at Lumpini Park not far from Kapilavathu as the son of King Suddhodana who ruled the Sakya country situated in the border of modern Nepal .Queen Siri Maha Maya was his mother.In his 29^th year He renounced the splendour of princely life and royal career. He became an intelligent ascetic for six years and moved to many places to seek the noble truth.Thus as a wander,a seeker after what is good, searching for the unsurpassed peace, he approached Alara Kalama,a distinguished ascetic. Before long, he learnt his doctrine.but it brought him

no realization of the highest goal. He also approached one Uddaka Ramaputta and expressed his desire to lead the Holy Life in his Dispensation.He was admitted as a pupil Not a long time,the intelligent ascetic Gautama attained the advance course, it was final stage of mental concentration, the Realm of Neither Perception nor non-perception as revealed by his teacher. He found that it was not his ultimate goal for the complete cessation of suffering, the total eradication of all forms of craving. He left his teacher and wandered through the district of Magadha or Rajagir now, there was Uruvela, the market town of Senani. He satisfied a lovely spot of ground, a charming forest grove, a flowing river with pleasant sandy fords, and hard by was a village where he could obtain his food.

The ascetic Gautama was not only the theoretical observer but also the real scientific spiritual practiced man Briefly say, he tried hard for six years, in the end he used a Middle Way of Self-development to Self-enlightenment. He realized in accordance with fact: “This is Sorrow”, “This the Arising of Sorrow”,”This,the path leading to the cassation of Sorrow”, Likewise in accordance with fact he realized: “These are the Corruptions,” “This, the Arising of Corruption,” “This,the path leading to the cessation of corruption,” Thus cognizing,thus perceiving,his mind was delivered from the corruption of Sensual Craving; from the corruption of Craving for Existence; from the Corrupion of Ignorance. Being delivered,He knew “Rebirth is ended; fulfilled the Holy life; done what was to be done; there is no more of this state again.”

He was not born a Lord Buddha, but became a Lord Buddha by His own efforts, as He attained Enlightenment under Bodhi Tree before dawn of full moon day of the sixth of Lunar month,when he was 35 years of age What steps,Lord Buddha pratised to attained the Enlightenment, is very hard for me to explain deeply as I am an ordinary layman.You can look them up in Tripitaka or specialist author’books, I have learned that the Lord Buddha is neither a God nor a prophet or incarnation of a God, but He was a Supreme Human Being who through His own effort attained to Final Deliverance and Perfect Wisdom, and Lord Buddha became the Peerless Teacher of men . He is the Savior only in the sense that Lord Buddha shows men how to save themselves.

The Pali term Buddha is derived from “budh”, to understand,or to be awakened as He fully comprehended the Four Noble Truths. and as arose from the slumbers of ignorance He is called a Buddha. Etymologically,the word “Buddha” in Pali also means “One who know or in a more definite sense, who attains Enlightenment” It is the Enlightenment of the Highest Truth, which brings forth the end of suffering

My dear Audience! I put “Lord”before Buddha , it may not be absolutely right I use this word as my internet blog title is Lord Buddha So let me use Lord Buddha as a keyword for my web blog Ok! Let’s go on.

It is more about meaning. The Lord Buddha was a unique being. Such a being arises, but rarely in this world, and is burn out of compassion for the world, for the goodness, benefit, and for the happiness of gods and mankind. In pali Lord Buddha is also called “acchariya manussa” as He was a wonderful man. As the Lord Buddha named Himself “Tathagata” means Accomplished One, Araham means the Worthy One We often hear Samma Sambuddha which means the Fully Enlightened One, the creator of the unarisen way, the producer of the unproducer way ……(we can look them up in Samyutta Nikaya part iii,p.66) The Lord Buddha does not claim to be an incarnation (Avatarn) of Hindu God Vishnu ,who,as the Bhagavadgita charming sings, is born again and again in different periods to protect the righteous, to destroy the wicked, and to establish the Dharma. Please understand that I do not anti-Hindu God Vishnu We can worship good God like Vishnu and pray for our happy lives. This is the freedom of thought and faith

Next time, let’s talk about a little part of my learning of Lord Buddha’s teaching His teaching is out of date or not. How we can adapt and apply His teaching to our lives in the world today Are there any principle about World Peace from The Lord Buddha? I do hope my Dear Audience can join a lot. Thanks!

What Lord Buddha Taught The World ?

2007-06-03T19:27:00.000-07:00

Buddha
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the historical founder of Buddhism, see Gautama Buddha.
For other uses, see Buddha (disambiguation).

Seated Buddha, from the Chinese Tang dynasty, Hebei province
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In Buddhism, a buddha (help·info) (Sanskrit: Awakened) is any being who has become fully awakened (enlightened), and has experienced Nirvana.
In the Pali Canon and the Theravada tradition, the term 'buddha' usually refers to anyone who has become enlightened (i.e., awakened to the truth, or Dharma) on their own, without a teacher to point out the Dharma, in a time when the teachings on the Four Noble Truths or the Eightfold Path do not exist in the world. By comparison, those who awaken due to the teachings given by a Buddha are known as Arahants, a title also applied to Buddhas. Arahants and Buddhas are the same in the most fundamental aspects of Liberation (Nirvana), but differ in their paramis.
In the Mahayana tradition, the definition of Buddha extends to any being who becomes fully awakened. The Theravada Arhant would be considered a kind of Buddha in this Mahayana sense, and this usage also occurs once in later (12th century) Theravada literature.
Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha. The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones (see List of the 28 Buddhas), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin (see Amitabha or Vairocana for examples). A common Buddhist belief across all Buddhism is that the next Buddha will be one named Maitreya (Pali: Metteyya).
Contents
1 Types of Buddha
2 Characteristics of a Buddha
2.1 Nine characteristics
2.2 Spiritual realizations
2.3 The Nature of the Buddha
2.3.1 Pali Canon: The Buddha was human
2.3.2 Eternal Buddha in Mahayana Buddhism
2.3.3 The Buddha as compared to God
3 Depictions of the Buddha in art
3.1 Markings
3.2 Hand-gestures
4 References
5 See also
6 External links
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Types of Buddha
Main article: Types of Buddha
In the Pali Canon, there are considered to be two types of buddha: samyaksambuddhas (Pali: sammasambuddhas) and pratyekabuddhas (Pali: paccekabuddhas).
Samyaksambuddhas attain buddhahood, then decide to teach others the truth they have discovered. They lead others to awakening by teaching the Dharma in a time or world where it has been forgotten. Siddhartha Gautama is considered a samyaksambuddha. (See also the List of the 28 Buddhas (all of whom are samyaksambuddhas).) In order for one to become a Samyaksabuddha one must practice the 10 parami which are perfections that are attributed to all Samyaksambuddhas. If one has the 10 parami and attains Buddhahood then he can be considered "perfectly enlightened" and fit to preach the Dharma.
Pratyekabuddhas, sometimes called 'silent Buddhas') are similar to samyaksambuddhas in that they attain nirvana and acquire many of the same powers as a samyaksambuddha, but are unable to teach what they have discovered. They are considered second to the samyaksambuddhas in spiritual development. They do ordain others; their admonition is only in reference to good and proper conduct (abhisamācārikasikkhā). In some texts, the pratyekabuddhas are described as those who understand the Dharma through their own efforts, but obtain neither omniscience nor mastery over the 'fruits' (phalesu vasībhāvam).[1]
The disciple of a samyaksambuddha is called a savaka ("hearer" or "follower") or, once enlightened, an arahant. These terms have slightly varied meanings but can all be used to describe the enlightened disciple. Anubuddha is a rarely used term, but is used by the Buddha in the Khuddakapatha[1] to refer to those who become Buddhas after being given instruction. Enlightened disciples attain nirvana and parinirvana as the two types of Buddha do. Arahant is the term most generally used for them, though it is also applicable to Buddhas.
One 12th century Theravadin commentary uses the term 'savakabuddha' to describe the enlightened disciple. According to this text there are three types of buddhas. In this case, however, the common definition of the meaning of the word buddha (as one who discovers the Dharma without a teacher) no longer applies.

Characteristics of a Buddha

A statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha in Tawang Gompa.

Nine characteristics
Some Buddhists meditate on (or contemplate) the Buddha as having nine characteristics:
a worthy one
perfectly self-enlightened
stays in perfect knowledge
well gone
unsurpassed knower of the world
unsurpassed leader of persons to be tamed
teacher of the gods and humans
the Enlightened One
the Blessed One or fortunate one.
These characteristics are frequently mentioned in the Pali Canon, and are chanted daily in many Buddhist monasteries.

Spiritual realizations
All Buddhist traditions hold that a Buddha has completely purified his mind of desire, aversion and ignorance, and that he is no longer bound by Samsara. A Buddha is fully awakened and has realized the ultimate truth, the non-dualistic nature of life, and thus ended (for himself) the suffering which unawakened people experience in life.

The Nature of the Buddha
Further information: Buddhology
The various Buddhist schools hold some varying interpretations on the nature of Buddha (see below).

Pali Canon: The Buddha was human
From the Pali Canon found in Theravada Buddhism emerges the view that the Buddha was human, endowed with the greatest psychic powers (Kevatta Sutta). The body and mind (the five khandhas) of a Buddha are impermanent and changing, just like the body and mind of ordinary people. However, a Buddha recognizes the unchanging nature of the Dharma, which is an eternal principle and an unconditioned and timeless phenomenon. This view is common in the Theravada school, and the other early Buddhist schools.
It is however important to note that in the Pali Canons Gautama Buddha is known as being a "teacher of the gods and humans", superior to both the gods and humans in the sense of having nirvana or the greatest bliss (where as the devas or gods of the Vedic era were still subject to anger, fear, sorrow, etc...).

Eternal Buddha in Mahayana Buddhism
Main article: Eternal Buddha
In some sutras found in Mahayana Buddhism, the Buddha teaches that the Buddha is no longer essentially a human being but has become a being of a different order altogether and that, in his ultimate transcendental "body/mind" mode as Dharmakaya, he has eternal and infinite life, is present in all things (i.e. is "the boundless dharmadhatu", according to the Nirvana Sutra), and is possessed of great and immeasurable qualities. In the Mahaparinirvana Sutra the Buddha declares: "Nirvana is stated to be eternally abiding. The Tathagata [Buddha] is also thus, eternally abiding, without change." This is a particularly important metaphysical and soteriological doctrine in the Lotus Sutra and the Tathagatagarbha sutras. According to the Tathagatagarbha sutras, failure to recognize the Buddha's eternity and - even worse - outright denial of that eternity, is deemed a major obstacle to the attainment of complete awakening (bodhi).

The Buddha as compared to God
Main article: God in Buddhism
A common misconception among Westerners views the Buddha as the Buddhist counterpart to “God”; Buddhism, however, is non-theistic (i.e., in general it does not teach the existence of a supreme creator god (see God in Buddhism) or depend on any supreme being for enlightenment; the Buddha is a guide and teacher who points the way to nirvana). The commonly accepted definition of the term "God" describes a being that not only rules but actually created the universe (see origin belief). Such ideas and concepts are disputed by the Buddha and Buddhists in many Buddhist discourses. In Buddhism, the supreme origin and creator of the universe is not a god, but rather causes and conditions obscured by time.

Depictions of the Buddha in art

Buddha statues at Shwedagon Paya

Jade Buddha statue at Shwedagon Paya
Buddhas are frequently represented in the form of statues and paintings. Commonly seen designs include:
the Seated Buddha
the Reclining Buddha
the Standing Buddha
Hotei or Budai, the obese Laughing Buddha, usually seen in China (This figure is believed to be a representation of a medieval Chinese monk who is associated with Maitreya, the future Buddha, and is therefore technically not a Buddha image.)
the Emaciated Buddha, which shows Siddhartha Gautama during his extreme ascetic practice of starvation.
The Buddha statue shown calling for rain is a pose common in Laos.

Markings
Most depictions of Buddha contain a certain number of markings, which are considered the signs of his enlightenment. These signs vary regionally, but two are common:
a protuberance on the top of the head (denoting superb mental acuity)
long earlobes (denoting superb perception)
In the Pali Canon there is frequent mention of a list of 32 physical marks of Buddha.

Hand-gestures
The poses and hand-gestures of these statues, known respectively as asanas and mudras, are significant to their overall meaning. The popularity of any particular mudra or asana tends to be region-specific, such as the Vajra (or Chi Ken-in) mudra, which is popular in Japan and Korea but rarely seen in India. Others are more common; for example, the Varada (Wish Granting) mudra is common among standing statues of the Buddha, particularly when coupled with the Abhaya (Fearlessness and Protection) mudra.

References
Cited references
^ Ratanasutta:56
General references
What the Buddha Taught (Grove Press, Revised edition July 1974), by Walpola Rahula
Buddha - The Compassionate Teacher (2002), by K.M.M.Swe

See also
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Gautama Buddha
Dona-sutta
List of the 28 Buddhas
Maitreya Buddha
Amitabha Buddha
Vairocana Buddha
Buddha-nature
Mahaparinirvana Sutra
Eternal Buddha
List of Buddha claimants
Thirty-two marks of the Buddha
Fourteen unanswerable questions

External links
About Buddha - Excerpts about the life of Buddha from Introduction to Buddhism
Very extensive database of sutras and other Buddhist articles
Information on Buddha's lists
Was Buddha a re-incarnation of Lord Krishna? Discussion by a 7000 member community from orkut.com
Mahamevnawa Buddhist Monastery - Sri Lanka
Free dhamma talks and articles
The Buddha and His Dhamma
Hundreds of free Buddhist talks and a huge forum.
Buddhist Studies
E-Sangha Buddhism Portal
Ancient Asian WorldHistory, culture and archeology of the ancient Asian continent
About Buddha - the Founder of Buddhism
The Life of the Buddha in 80 Scenes from the Ananda Temple, Bagan, Myanmar
Songs and Meditations of the Tibetan Dhyani Buddhas
The Complete Text of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, on the eternal nature of the Buddha
Gautama the Buddha - Info from the website of the vipassana meditation technique as taught by S. N. Goenka.
Friends of the Western Buddhist Order- Worldwide Non-Sectarian Buddhist Community.
Images of Buddha - worldwide submitted photos
Life of Gautama Buddha - Free Audio Books
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Categories: Buddhas Buddhism